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1、NeuroscienceandBiobehavioralReviews40(2014)80–101ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectNeuroscienceandBiobehavioralReviewsjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorevReviewThetroublewithcircadianclockdysfunction:MultipledeleteriouseffectsonthebrainandbodyErin∗L.Zelinski,ScottH.Deibel,Robe
2、rtJ.McDonaldCanadianCentreforBehaviouralNeuroscience,DepartmentofNeuroscience,UniversityofLethbridge,Lethbridge,AB,CanadaarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:ThisreviewconsolidatesresearchemployinghumancorrelationalandexperimentalworkacrossbrainReceived7July2013andbodywithexperimentalanimalmodel
3、stoprovideamorecompleterepresentationofhowcircadianReceivedinrevisedform7January2014rhythmsinfluencealmostallaspectsoflife.Indoingso,wewillcoverthemorphologicalandbiochemicalAccepted16January2014pathwaysresponsibleforrhythmgenerationaswellasinteractionsbetweenthesesystemsandothers(e.g.,stress,
4、feeding,reproduction).Theeffectsofcircadiandisruptiononthehealthofhumans,includingKeywords:timeofdayeffects,cognitivesequelae,dementia,Alzheimer’sdisease,diet,obesity,foodpreferences,Circadiandisruptionmooddisorders,andcancerwillalsobediscussed.Subsequently,experimentalsupportfortheselargelyC
5、ircadianrhythmscorrelationalhumanstudiesconductedinnon-humananimalmodelswillbedescribed.CognitivefunctionDisease©2014ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.HealthBrainContents1.Anatomyandgrossmorphologyofthesuprachiasmaticnucleus.........................................................................
6、..........812.Mechanismsunderlyingcircadianrhythmicity......................................................................................................822.1.Molecularoscillators...............................................................................................................
7、...........822.2.Neurotransmitters,peptides,andhormones.................................................................................................832.2.1.Classicneurotransmitters..........................................................
