Your Inner Fish.pdf

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1、Thisbookhasbeenoptimizedforviewingatamonitorsettingof1024x768pixels.YOURINNERFISHYOURINNERFISHAJOURNEYINTOTHE3.5-BILLION-YEARHISTORYOFTHEHUMANBODYNEILSHUBINPANTHEONBOOKS,NEWYORKCopyright©2008byNeilShubinAllrightsreserved.PublishedintheUnitedStatesbyPantheonBooks,adivisionofRandomHouse,Inc.,NewYor

2、k,andinCanadabyRandomHouseofCanadaLimited,Toronto.PantheonBooksandcolophonareregisteredtrademarksofRandomHouse,Inc.AllillustrationsbyKalliopiMonoyiosunlessotherwisenoted.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataShubin,Neil.Yourinnerfish:ajourneyintothe3.5-billion-yearhistoryofthehumanbody/ByN

3、eilShubin.—1sted.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferences.eISBN:978-0-307-37716-61.Humananatomy—Popularworks.2.Humanevolution—Popularworks.I.Title.qm26.s582008611—dc222007024699www.pantheonbooks.comv1.0TOMICHELECONTENTSPrefaceixONEFindingYourInnerFish3TWOGettingaGrip28THREEHandyGenes44FOURTeethEver

4、ywhere60FIVEGettingAhead81SIXTheBest-Laid(Body)Plans97SEVENAdventuresinBodybuilding116EIGHTMakingScents139NINEVision148TENEars158ELEVENTheMeaningofItAll173Epilogue199Notes,References,andFurtherReading203Acknowledgments215Index219PREFACEThisbookgrewoutofanextraordinarycircumstanceinmylife.Onaccoun

5、toffacultydepartures,IendedupdirectingthehumananatomycourseatthemedicalschooloftheUniversityofChi-cago.Anatomyisthecourseduringwhichnervousfirst-yearmed-icalstudentsdissecthumancadaverswhilelearningthenamesandorganizationofmostoftheorgans,holes,nerves,andvesselsinthebody.Thisistheirgrandentranceto

6、theworldofmedicine,aformativeexperienceontheirpathtobecomingphysicians.Atfirstglance,youcouldn’thaveimaginedaworsecandidateforthejoboftrainingthenextgenerationofdoctors:I’mapaleontologistwhohasspentmostofhiscareerworkingonfish.Itturnsoutthatbeingapaleontologistisahugeadvantageinteachinghumananatomy

7、.Why?Thebestroadmapstohumanbodieslieinthebodiesofotheranimals.Thesimplestwaytoteachstudentsthenervesinthehumanheadistoshowthemthestateofaffairsinsharks.Theeasiestroadmaptotheirlimbsliesinfish.Reptilesarearealhelpwiththe