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ID:34749198
大小:57.08 KB
页数:9页
时间:2019-03-10
《双语阅读-福岛核事故之后的核安全反思》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、NuclearSafetyAfterFukushimaEvenwitheventsatJapan'sFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowercomplexstillinastateofflux,attentionisshiftingfromcontainmenttoassessment.The9.0magnitudeearthquake,hundredsofaftershocksandensuingtsunamiwerehistoric.Buttheycanhardlybecalledunforeseeable,andthereinliesthenubofthecr
2、iticalquestionsthisincidentwillraiseforregulatorseverywhere:Towhatextentshouldnuclearsafetyregulationtakeaccountofallforeseeablecontingencies,andshouldnewtechnologiesberequiredtoapplytopre-existingfacilitiesthatwerebuilttothestandardoftheindustryatthetimeofconstruction?Thesix-reactorFukushimaD
3、aiichifacilitywascommissionedin1971and—bydesign—successfullywithstoodtheMarch11earthquakeanditsaftershocks.Butthetsunamitoppedthefacility'sseawall,knockingouttheback-updieselgeneratorandforcingthepumpcoolingsystemsandpressureventilatorstorelyonbatteriesuntilmobilegeneratorscouldbedeliveredtoth
4、esite.Wateralsofloodedthebasementwhereswitchingequipmentconnectedthepumpingequipment,impedingrepairs.Theresultwasoverheatingthatcausedpressuretobuildtoovertwotimesthedesignedlimitationsandledtoexplosionsatthreeofthereactors.Theouterbuildingsweredesignedtocontainthereactorandtowithstandseverewe
5、atherconditions,butnothydrogenexplosions.Radiationleakagesresulted,causingwidespreadconcernsaboutthreatstohealthandtheenvironment.Suchachainofevents,howeverextraordinary,cannotbesaidtobeunforeseeable.Japan'sinfrastructureandregulatoryframeworkhaveanticipatedearthquakesfor150years;poweroutages,
6、tsunamisandwidespreaddemandsthatstrainresponseeffortsareallpredictableconsequencesofearthquakerisk.Indeed,engineershavealreadydesignedsolutionstomitigatetherisksthatmaterializedatFukushima.Today'sthird-generationnuclearreactorsanticipatethepossibilityoffailedcoolingsystemsandhydrogenpressurebu
7、ild-ups.TheWestinghouseAP1000reactorhasaseriesofpassivecoolingsystemsthatoperatewithoutexternalordiesel-generatedpoweroractivationbyitsoperators.Italsohasrecombinersthatpreventhydrogenexplosions.ThisdesignhasbeenofficiallyadoptedinChina
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