迈向生态文明时代的价值选择——按照美的规律来构建

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1、摘要当环境污染日益严重，生态危机肆意爆发，人所栖居的自然环境持续恶化时，人类期盼这些问题的解决，还原人类曾经栖居过的良好生态环境，呼唤生态文明时代的到来。人类迈向生态文明时代，首先要解决人与自然的对立关系问题。关于这个问题，部分学者认为社会发展是造成人与自然对立关系的根本原因，回顾人类文明史我们会发现，每次人类文明的变革都伴随着人与自然关系的变革，人类社会的发展也的确消耗了大量有限的自然资源，但是社会发展并不是造成人与自然关系对立的本根原因，而根本原因在于人对待自然价值的观念问题。因为，人是社会发展的决定力量，人的观念决定了社会发展的方式方法以

2、及方向。因此，建设生态文明应将视角转向人与自然关系价值观上来。本文基于对各文明形态中人与自然关系价值观及其实践的考察，寻找并发现人类中心主义价值观、自然中心主义价值观、生态马克思主义价值观中关于人与自然关系的理论基础及其对于人类建设生态文明的局限性。通过论述马克思“人也按照美的规律来构造”的理论意蕴，提出“按照美的规律来构造”是人类迈向生态文明时代的价值选择。关键词：价值观；生态文明；按照美的规律来构造IAbstractWhentheenvironmentalpollutionhasbecomeincreasinglyserious,ecolo

3、gicalcrisishasbeenbrokenoutwantonlyandthenaturalenvironmentinhabitedbypeoplehascontinuedtobedeteriorated,humanbeingsareexpectingthesolutionoftheseproblems,therevivificationofthegoodecologicalenvironmentmaneverdwelledandthecallinguponthearrivaloftheeraofecologicalcivilization

4、.Peopleshouldsolvetheproblemsoftheconfrontationrelationshipbetweenmanandnatureinitiallywhenfacingtheeraofecologicalcivilization.Somescholarsarguedthattheantagonisticrelationbetweenmanandnaturehasbeenfundamentallygeneratedbythesocialdevelopment.Wewillrealize,fromthehistoryofh

5、umancivilization,eachreformofhumancivilizationisalwaysaccompaniedwiththechangeofrelationshipbetweenmanandnatureforthedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasconsumedalotoflimitednaturalresources.However,itistheman’snaturalvaluesratherthanthesocialdevelopmentthatbecomestheprimarycauseoft

6、heantagonisticrelationbetweenmanandnature.Therefore,weshouldturnourperspectivetoman'snaturalvaluesinthecourseofestablishingtheecologicalcivilizationbecausemanisthedecisiveforceofsocialdevelopmentandthenotionofhumanbeingsdeterminesthemethodsanddirectionofthedevelopmentoftheso

7、ciety.Thisthesishighlightsthetheoreticalbasisoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureamongtheanthropocentrismvalues,thenature-centralismvaluesandtheecologicalMarxismvaluesanditslimitationonthedevelopmentofecologicalcivilizationintheresearchofman'snaturalvaluesanditspracticeinthe

8、differentcivilizationform.Iputforward“Creatingaccordingtothelawofaesthetics