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ID:36837606
大小:429.11 KB
页数:32页
时间:2019-05-10
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1、垂体前叶功能减退解放军总医院内分泌科窦京涛垂体解剖Functionsofthepituitarygland:Eachlobeofthepituitaryglandproducescertainhormones.anteriorlobe:growthhormoneprolactin-tostimulatemilkproductionaftergivingbirthACTH(adrenocorticotropichormone)-tostimulatetheadrenalglandsTSH(thyroid-stimulatinghormone)-tostimulate
2、thethyroidglandFSH(follicle-stimulatinghormone)-tostimulatetheovariesandtestesLH(luteinizinghormone)-tostimulatetheovariesortestesintermediatelobe:melanocyte-stimulatinghormone-tocontrolskinpigmentationposteriorlobe:ADH(antidiuretichormone)-toincreaseabsorptionofwaterintothebloodbythek
3、idneysoxytocin-tocontracttheuterusduringchildbirthandstimulatemilkproductionHypopituitarismHypopituitarismisageneraltermthatreferstoanyunderfunctionofthepituitarygland.Thisisaclinicaldefinitionusedbyendocrinologistsandisinterpretedtomeanthatoneormorefunctionsofthepituitaryaredeficient.T
4、hetermmayrefertobothanteriorandposteriorpituitaryglandfailure.CausesofhypopituitarismDeficientpituitaryglandfunctioncanresultfromdamagetoeitherthepituitaryortheareajustabovethepituitary,thehypothalamus.Thehypothalamuscontainsreleasingandinhibitoryhormoneswhichcontrolthepituitary.Sinceth
5、esehormonesarenecessaryfornormalpituitaryfunction,damagetothehypothalamuscanalsoresultindeficientpituitaryglandfunction.Injurytothepituitarycanoccurfromavarietyofinsults,includingdamagefromanenlargingpituitarytumor,irradiationtothepituitary,pituitaryapoplexy,traumaandabnormalironstorage
6、(hemochromatosis).Withincreasingdamagethereisaprogressivedecreaseinfunction.Thereappearstobeapredictablelossofhormonalfunctionwithincreasingdamage.Theprogressionfrommostvulnerabletoleastvulnerableisusuallyasfollows:firstisgrowthhormone(GH),nextthegonadotropins(LHandFSHwhichcontrolsexual
7、/reproductivefunction),followedbyTSH(whichcontrolthyroidhormonerelease)andfinallythelasttobelostistypicallyACTH(whichcontrolsadrenalfunction).Sheehan'sSyndromeSheehan'ssyndromeisaconditionthatmayoccurinawomanwhohasasevereuterinehemorrhageduringchildbirth.Theresultingsevereblood
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