毕业设计资料_王庭灶_3外文翻译--王庭灶

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1、AstudyofstoragetankaccidentsJamesI.Changa,Cheng-ChungLinb【Abstract】Thispaperreviews242accidentsofstoragetanksthatoccurredinindustrialfacilitiesoverlast40years.FishboneDiagramisappliedtoanalyzethecausesthatleadtoaccidents.Correctiveactionsarealsoprovidedtohelpoperatingengineershandlingsim

2、ilarsituationsinthefuture.Theresultsshowthat74%ofaccidentsoccurredinpetroleumrefineries,oilterminalsorstorage.Fireandexplosionaccountfor85%oftheaccidents.Therewere80accidents(33%)causedbylightningand72(30%)causedbyhumanerrorsincludingpooroperationsandmaintenance.Othercauseswereequipmentf

3、ailure,sabotage,crackandrupture,leakandlinerupture,staticelectricity,openflamesetc.Mostofthoseaccidentswouldhavebeenavoidedifgoodengineeringhavebeenpracticed.Keywords:FishboneDiagram;Accidentstatistics,fireandexplosion1.IntroductionStoragetanksinrefineriesandchemicalplantscontainlarge

4、volumesofflammableandhazardouschemicals.Asmallaccidentmayleadtomillion-dollarpropertylossandafewdaysofproductioninterruption.Alargeaccidentresultsinlawsuits,stockdevaluation,orcompanybank-ruptcy.Inlast50years,tradeorganizationsandengineeringsocietiessuchasAmericanpetroleuminstitute(API),

5、Americaninstituteofchemicalengineers(AIChE),Americansocietyofmechanicalengineers(ASME),andnationalfireprotectionassociation(NFPA)havepublishedstrictengineeringguidelinesandstandardsfortheconstruction,materialselection,designandsafemanagementofstoragetanksandtheiraccessories(AIChE,1988;19

6、93;API,1988;1990;ASME,2004;NFPA,1992;UL,1986;1987).Mostcompaniesfollowthosestandardsandguidelinesinthedesign,constructionandoperation,buttankaccidentsstilloccur.Learningfromthepasthistoryisdefinitelyimportantforthefuturesafeoperationofstoragetanks.Thepurposeofthispaperistocategorizethec

7、ausesthatleadto242tankaccidentsoccurredinlast40years.Thefishbonediagram(Thecauseandeffectdiagram)inventedbyDrKaoruIshikawa(IshikawaandLu,1985)isusedtosummarizetheeffectsandthecausesthatcreateorcontributetothoseeffects.Wehopethatthisworkwillbebeneficialtotankoperatorsanden