黄河流域 Yellow River Valley

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1、黄河流域YellowRiverValley文化融合，政治统一culturalfusionandpoliticalunity小农经济thesmall-scalepeasanteconomy游牧部落nomadictribes疆域territory封建主经济suzeraineconomy劝农抑商encouragingfarmingbutlimitingcommerce战国时期theWarringstatesPeriod男耕女织themancultivatingthelandandthewomanweavingathome自给自足的自然经济self

2、-sufficientnaturaleconomy人头税polltax水能载舟，亦能覆舟Thewaterthatcarriestheboatcanalsooverturnit.多元一体integratedpluralism吐故纳新discardingtheoldandembracingthenew炎黄子孙thedescendantsofYandiandHuangdi普天之下，莫非王土；率土之滨，莫非王臣Allthelandundertheskybelongstotheking;allthepeoplewithinthiscountryare

3、theking’ssubjects.礼仪之邦thelandofceremonyandpropriety青铜器thebronzewares甲骨文theinscriptionsontortoiseshellsoranimalbones铭文theinscriptionsonbronzeorcopperwares五经TheFiveClassics书同文、行同伦thestandardizedwrittenlanguageandbehaviors/thewrittenlanguageandbehaviorshavetobestandardized儒、道

4、、佛、法家Confucianism,Taoism/ClassicalTaoistthinking,Buddhism,theLegalistSchool焚书坑儒burnbooksandburyConfucianscholarsalive无为而治togovernbydoingnothing独尊儒术、罢黜百家payingsupremetributetoConfucianismwhilebanningallotherschoolsofthought四大发明fourgreatinventionsofAncientChina:1)theinventio

5、nofpapermakingtechnology2)theartofprinting3)themakingofthegunpowder4)thecompass守内虚外internaldefenseandexternalslackening重文轻武layingstressontheculturalachievementwhilemakinglightofthemilitaryexploits清明上河图Thescrollofpainting:thefestivalofPureBrightnessontheRiver求和谐，主平衡seekingf

6、orharmonyandmaintainingequilibrium消灾祈福avertingcalamitiesandprayingforblessings临时抱佛脚ClaspBuddha’sfeetwhenintrouble—seekhelpatthelastmoment六合thesixrealmsofHeavenandEarth,EastandWest,NorthandSouth内圣外王thesuprememoralityinternalizedascultivationandexternalizedasgovernanceofvirt

7、ue真诚、正心、修身sincerity,integrityandintellectualcultivation齐家、治国、平天下Keepyourfamilyinorder,governthestateeffectivelyandbringpeacetotheworld中庸thegoldenmean天人合一onenessofmanandnature大一统GreatNationalUnity集体利益collectiveinterest人伦humanrelations普天之下，莫非王土，率土之滨，莫非王臣Allthelandunderthesun

8、belongstotheking;allthepeoplewithinthiscountryaretheking’ssubjects.《史记》theHistoricalRecor