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1、Robust3DMeasurementwithPMDSensorsTobiasMöller,HolgerKraft,JochenFrey,MartinAlbrecht,RobertLangePMDTechnologiesGmbH,AmEichenhang50,D-57076,GermanyAbstractAlmosttenyearshavepassednowsincethefirstconceptsforall-solid-stateimagingrangecameraswereproposedinpublicationsorpatents[1,3].Thegeneral
2、feasibilitywasshownrelativelyquickly[2,4]anditisnowwidelyacceptedthatCMOS-basedrangeimagingisoneofthemostpromisingfuturetechnologiesinthefieldofphotonicsandopticalsensing.Inspring2005thefirstcommercialproductbasedonthePMDrangeimagingapproachwasintroducedtothemarketandreceivedthe“HermesAwa
3、rd2005”[10].Internationalexpertsdoagreethatrangeimaginglikenoothertechnologyoffersrevolutionaryproductsolutionsinvariousmarkets.Butgoingdeeperintoconcreteapplications,onerecognizesthetechnicallimitationsanddifficultiesofthisuniquetechnology.Therearemanyapplicationsthatrequirearobustoperat
4、ionevenundertoughenvironmentalconditionslikebrightsunlightorotherbackgroundlightsourcesorlargetemperaturesandwayshavetobefoundofhowtohandletheresultinghighdynamicrangeenvironments.Thispaperwillgiveanintroductoryoverviewofthetechnicalrequirementsinvolvedwithbackgroundlightandcorrespondings
5、olutionsrealizedbyPMDTechnologies.Keywords3DMeasurement,CMOSSensor,PMD(PhotonicMixerDevice),Photogate,SBI(suppressionofbackgroundillumination),TOFprinciple(Time-Of-Flight).1.INTRODUCTIONOpticalTime-of-Flightmeasurementgivesthepossibilitytoenhance2DsensorsbyaddingathirddimensionusingthePMD
6、principle.Variousapplicationsintheautomotive(e.g.pedestriansafety),industrial,roboticsandmultimediafieldsrequirerobustthree-dimensionaldata[9].Theseapplications,however,allhavedifferentrequirementsintermsofresolution,speed,distanceandtargetcharacteristics.PMDTechnologieshasdeveloped3Dsens
7、orsbasedonstandardCMOSprocessesthatcanprovideanoptimizedsolutionforawidefieldofapplicationscombinedwithhighintegrationandcost-effectiveproduction.Thesesensorsarerealizedinvariouslayoutformatsfromsinglepixelsolutionsforbasicapplicationstolow,middleandhighresolutionma
