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1、TABLEOFCONTENTSI.ThePrecessionofSimulacraII.History:ARetroScenarioIII.HolocaustIV.TheChinaSyndromeV.ApocalypseNowVI.TheBeaubourgEffect:ImplosionandDeterrenceVII.HypermarkedandHypercommodityVIII.TheImplosionofMeaningintheMediaIX.AbsoluteAdvertising,Ground-ZeroAd
2、vertisingX.CloneStoryXI.HologramsXII.CrashXIII.SimulacraandScienceFictionXIV.TheAnimals:TerritoryandMetamorphosesXV.TheRemainderXVI.TheSpiralingCadaverXVII.Value'sLastTangoXVIII.OnNihilismTHEPRECESSIONOFSIMULACRAThesimulacrumisneverwhathidesthetruth-itistruthth
3、athidesthefactthatthereisnone.Thesimulacrumistrue.-EcclesiastesIfoncewewereabletoviewtheBorgesfableinwhichthecartographersoftheEmpiredrawupamapsodetailedthatitendsupcoveringtheterritoryexactly(thedeclineoftheEmpirewitnessesthefrayingofthismap,littlebylittle,and
4、itsfallintoruins,thoughsomeshredsarestilldiscernibleinthedeserts-themetaphysicalbeautyofthisruinedabstractiontestifyingtoaprideequaltotheEmpireandrottinglikeacarcass,returningtothesubstanceofthesoil,abitasthedoubleendsbybeingconfusedwiththerealthroughaging)-ast
5、hemostbeautifulallegoryofsimulation,thisfablehasnowcomefullcircleforus,andpossessesnothingbutthediscretecharmofsecond-ordersimulacra.*1Todayabstractionisnolongerthatofthemap,thedouble,themirror,ortheconcept.Simulationisnolongerthatofaterritory,areferentialbeing
6、,orasubstance.Itisthegenerationbymodelsofarealwithoutoriginorreality:ahyperreal.Theterritorynolongerprecedesthemap,nordoesitsurviveit.Itisneverthelessthemapthatprecedestheterritory-precessionofsimulacra-thatengenderstheterritory,andifonemustreturntothefable,tod
7、ayitistheterritorywhoseshredsslowlyrotacrosstheextentofthemap.Itisthereal,andnotthemap,whosevestigespersisthereandthereinthedesertsthatarenolongerthoseoftheEmpire,butours.Thedesertoftherealitself.Infact,eveninverted,Borges'sfableisunusable.OnlytheallegoryoftheE
8、mpire,perhaps,remains.Becauseitiswiththissameimperialismthatpresent-daysimulatorsattempttomakethereal,allofthereal,coincidewiththeirmodelsofsimulation.Butitisnolongeraquesti
