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1、非谓语动词英语语法复习之非谓语动词在句子中所充当的成分作用种类主语宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式动名词分词种类与作用形式与构型不定式主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词只有一种形式：done(表示被动或者已完成)With复合结构做定语，状语-ing-ed-adv.With+n_adj--todo--tobedone和名词的关系为主动和名词的关系为被动表状态表状态表将来的主动表将来的
2、被动1.Hesitshere,withhisfeetpointingtotheothers.2.Hesitshere,withhishandstiedtothechair.3.Theboyisplayingoutside,withhisfacered.4.Theboystaysathome,withhismotherout.5.Theteacherwalksintotheclassroom,withabookinhishand6.Hewenthome,withhishomeworktobedone.作定语，放在名词后面n+-ing-ed-todo-tobedonebeingdon
3、e主动和正在进行被动或完成将来的主动将来的被动正在进行的被动Theboygoingtoschoolnowismyson.Theplandiscussedyesterdayisagoodone.Theboytogotoschoolnextyearismyson.Theplantobediscussedtomorrowisagoodone.Theplanbeingdiscussednowisagoodone.不定式下列词语接不定式做定语1.Change,wish,right,courage,need,promise,time,way,opportunity,thefirst…,the
4、second…,thelast…,theonly….不定式与所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系He'salwaysthefirst(one)tocometoschool.Thereisnoonetolookafterher.eg.Heisthefirstpersontocome.(2).不定式和所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Ihaveameetingtoattend.(3).现在分词做定语表进行,过去分词做定语表示完成（单个分词做定语放在修饰词的前面;短语做定语放在后面）。aburningstickafallenleaf
5、Thegirlstandingbythedoor.ThebookwrittenbyLuXun作状语(1)表时间先后主动和正在进行,时间上无先后（即主从句动作同时发生）强调被动,不强调时间先后主动和完成,而且强调时间上有先后被动和完成,而且强调时间上有先后-ing-ed-havingdone-Havingbeendoneattention1.Standingonthetopofthemountain,Ifoundtheschoolisverybeautiful.2.Seenfromthemountain,theschoolisverybeautiful.3.Havingfinish
6、edmyhomework.Iwenthomeimmediately.4.Havingbeenbeatenbymyfather,Iwentouttoseemymother.5.Nothavingreceivedhisletter,hewenthome=Havingneverreceivedhisletter,hewenthome.否定式要not把加-ing在前面，或把never加在-ing后面.下列少数短语为惯用语，为固定形式。Judgingfrom,generallyspeaking,honestlyspeaking,strictlyspeaking目的状语TostudyEngl
7、ishwell,wemustpractiseeveryday.结果状语Hehurriedtoschool,onlytofindshehadleft.原因状语Wealljumpedtohearofhissuccess.作状语Inorder（not）to：可句首，可句尾Soas（not）to：只可句尾To：可句首可句尾onlytodo：结果却，常指意想不到的结果不定式的否定式，否定词Not或neverseldomhardly要放在to的前面。shecheckedthenamessoa
