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1、UnitSevenTextATextB能力分析训练TextA1．IntroductionLogistics—themovementorflowofpeople,materialsandinformation—isanimportantpartofanycompany’sbusinessstrategy.Thetermhasitsorigininthingsmilitary,anditwasnotuntilthelastquarterofthiscenturythatbusinessorganizationsbeg
2、antotakethesubjectseriously.Logisticsseekstoidentifythecheapestwayofachievingagivenlevelofavailabilityorservicetocustomers.Therefivekeyelements:（1）unitization—theproductorservice;（2）facilities—wheretheproductorserviceismadeavailable;（3）communications;（4）inven
3、tory;（5）transportation.Usuallyreliabilityandconsistencyinthelevelofservicearemoreimportantthanspeed.Ifapromiseismade,itmustbekept.Thespeedrequireddependsonthecontextinwhichtheneedhasarisen.Electronicdatainterchange(EDI)involvesdirectlinksbetweencomputers.EDIi
4、susedextensivelyinintegratedlogisticsinformationsystems.EDIenhancesthebreadth,timeliness,andqualityofdata.EDIappliestonearlyeveryaspectofintegratedlogisticsfrompaperlessdocumentationflowstowarehousemanagementwithbarcodescannersandradiofrequencytags.2.Electron
5、icdatainterchange(EDI)andintegratedlogisticsAdvantagesofEDIincludecostreductions,productivitygains,fasterordercycletimes,betterfocusonthecustomer,andreducedclericalwork,paper,andpostage.Asgoodsmove,somustinformation.Tomovetherightgoodstotherightplaceattherigh
6、ttimeintherightconditionwiththerightdocuments,theanswerstoallthe“right”questionsmustbeknown.Whereshouldthetruckdriverpickupthisshipment?Whoshouldreceivethispackage?Howmuchinventoryofanitemisinstockandhowmuchshouldbeproduced?Whereisthisshipmentnow?3．Integrated
7、logisticsinformationsystem(ILIS)Theessenceofinformationsystemsinlogisticsistheconversionofaccuratedataintousefulinformation.IntegratedLogisticsisdefinedas:theprocessofanticipatingcustomerneedsandwants;acquiringthecapital,materials,people,technologies,andinfor
8、mationnecessarytomeetthoseneedsandwants;optimizingthegoods-or-service-producingnetworktofulfillcustomerrequests;andutilizingthenetworktofulfillcustomerrequestsinatimelyway.DefiningtheInte
