外刊经贸知识选读课文(1)

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1、Lesson1ChinaintheMarketPlace(Excerpts)（摘录）市场经济中的中国BarryCoulthurstexaminesthedevelopmentofChina’stradepolicyandthepresentstateoftheoverseaslinks--巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究ThepatternofChina’sforeigntradehaschangedsubstantiallysincethefoundingoft

2、hePeople’sRepublic.Duringthe1950sChinaexportedagriculturalproductstotheUSSRandEastEuropeancountriesinreturnformanufacturedgoodsandthecapitalequipmentrequiredforthecountry’sindustrializationprogrammewhichplacedemphasisonthedevelopmentofheavyindustry.T

3、heGreatLeapForwardof1958-1959initiallyproducedgainsinagriculturalandindustrialproduction,butsubsequentlyresultedinseriouseconomicimbalances.Economicproblemswereexacerbatedbythreebadharvests(1959-1961)withtheresultthatnationalincomeandthevolumeofforei

4、gntradecontractedduring1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。20世纪50年代，中国向苏联和东欧国家出口农产品换取制造品和资本设备，用于侧重于重工业发展所必须的工业化项目。1958~1959年的“大跃进”最初在工农业生产上带来收益，但随后又导致了严重的经济平衡。三年自然灾害(1959-1961)加剧了经济问题，造成1960-1962年间的国民收入和对外贸易额的减少。ThewithdrawalofSovieteconomicand

5、technicalaidintheearly-1960scausedtradetoshiftawayfromtheUSSRanditsCOMECON（经互会，经济互助委员会CouncilforMutualEconomicAssistance）partnerstowardsJapanandWesternEurope.AconsistentthemeofChina’sforeigntradepolicieshasbeenthestrongemphasiswhichhasbeenplacedondev

6、elopingtraderelationswiththeThirdWorldcountries.20世纪60年代，苏联经济和技术援助撤走，导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。ThegrowthofforeigntradewasdisruptedagainduringtheCulturalRevolution(1966-1976)whenagriculturalandindustrialproductionfe

7、llsharplyandtransportationconstraints限制becamemoreserious.“文化大革命”期间（1966-1976）工农业生产一落千丈，交通运输限制更加严重，中国对外贸易的增长再次中断。Foreigntrade,whichhasamajorroleintheFourModernizationsprogramme,hasgrownrapidlyoverthepastfewyears.AmajortradeagreementwithJapan,underwhic

8、hChinaexportscoalandoilinreturnforindustrialequipmentandtechnologywassignedinFebruary1978.Chinaalsosignedalong-termtradeagreementwiththeEECin1978whiletradewiththeUSAhasincreasedrapidlyinthewakeof继什么之后thenormalizationofdiplomaticrelationsatthebeginnin