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1、JournalofAppliedPsychologyCopyright1998bytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,Inc.1998,Vol.83,No.2,234-2460021-9010/98/S3.00FunctionalRelationsAmongConstructsintheSameContentDomainatDifferentLevelsofAnalysis:ATypologyofCompositionModelsDavidChanMichig
2、anStateUniversityandNationalUniversityofSingaporeCompositionmodelsspecifythefunctionalrelationshipsamongphenomenaorconstructsatdifferentlevelsofanalysis(e.g.,individuallevel,teamlevel,organizationallevel)thatreferenceessentiallythesamecontentbutthata
3、requalitativelydifferentatdifferentlevels(M.T.Hannan,1971;K.H.Roberts,C.L.Hulin,&D.M.Rousseau,1978;D.M.Rousseau,1985).Specifyingadequatecompositionmodelsisacriticalcomponentofgoodmultilevelresearch.Atypologyofcompositionmodelsisproposedtoprovideafram
4、eworkfororganizing,evaluating,anddevelopingconstructsandtheoriesinmultilevelresearch.Fivebasicformsofcompositionaredescribedandillustrated.Implicationsofthetypologyarediscussed.Organizationalphenomenahavethepropertiesofdy-frameworksandmethodologicala
5、dvances,thefundamen-namicsystems,withcriticalantecedents,processes,andtalsubstantiveissueofconstructvalidationinmultileveloutcomesconceptualizedandmeasuredatmultiplelevelsresearchhasnotbeenaddressedadequately.Accompa-oforganizationalanalysis(e.g.,ind
6、ividual,group,organi-nyingtheincreasedinterestinmultilevelresearchisanzation).Becausemoreresearchersarebeginningtoreal-increasedproliferationofnewconstructsatmultiplelev-izethattheorganizationalphenomenonunderinvestiga-els.Unlesswehaveexplicitcomposi
7、tionmodelstoguidetionoftenisinherentlymultilevelasopposedtooccurringthedevelopmentandvalidationofnewlyproposedcon-atasinglelevelorinalevelvacuum,organizationalstud-structsinmultilevelresearch,thereisadangerofviolatingiesincreasinglyareadoptingamultil
8、evelapproach.Sev-thescientificprincipleofparsimony.Organizationalre-eralinfluentialtheoreticalframeworksformultilevelre-searcherscouldeasilyendupwithamultitudeoflabels,searchhavebeenproposed(e.g.,House,Rousseau,&allofwhichpurportedlyrefertoscientific
