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1、英美概况专八-人文知识-英国政体政治概况（1）Constitution宪法（2）ConstitutionalMonarchy君主立宪制（3）PliticalParties政党ConstitutionBritainhasnosingledocumentofconstitution.Britishconstitutionismadeupofstatutelaw,commonlawandconvention.(2)ConstitutionalmonarchyTheUKisaconstitutionalmonarchy,andthehea
2、dofstateisakingandqueen.Itisgoverned,inthenameoftheSovereignbyhisorherMajesty’sgovernment.Parliamenthastheauthoritytomakelaw,andthejudiciarydeterminescommonlawandinterpretsstatutes.Kingorqueen国王或女王Thekingorqueenistheheadofstate(国家元首).QueenElizabethIIisthecurrentQueena
3、ndHeadofthecommonwealth.Thequeenorkingisonlythesymbolofthewholenationparliament议会ConsistsoftheSovereign(君主),theHouseofLords(上议院)andtheHouseofCommons(下议院)theHouseofLordsactsasanon-electedHouseofrevision,complementingbutnotrivalingtheelectedHouse.TheHouseofCommonconsist
4、sof651membersandhastheultimateauthoritytomakelaw,andwithamaximundurationof5years.Thecabinetandministry内阁内阁部长HerMajesty’sGovernmentisthebodyofministersresponsiblefortheconductofnationalaffairs.CabinetispresidedoverbythePrimeMinister(首相)andCabinetmembersholdmeetingsunde
5、rthechairmanshipofthePrimeMinisterforafewhourseachweektodecideGovernmentpoliciesonmajorissuesMinistersareresponsiblecollectivelytoParliamentforallCabinetdecisions.Justiceandlaw司法ThereisnosinglelegalsystemintheBritain.Thesourcesoflawsinclude:statutes,commonlaws,equityl
6、awandEuropeanCommunitylaw.(欧共体法)(3)piliticalparties政党TherearemainlytwopartiesintheUK:theConservativeParty(保守党)andtheLabourParty(工党).Theleaderofthemajorityparty,whichwinsmostseatsataGeneralElection(大选),isappointedPrimeMinisterandthepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumbero
7、fseatsbecomestheOfficialOppositon(官方反对党)tohelpfomulatepolicy,criticizetheGovernmentanddebatewiththegovernment.真题测试WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?A,TheBritishconstitutionincludestheMagnaCartaof1215.B,TheBritishconstitutionincludesParliamentaryacts.C,TheBritis
8、hconstitutionincludesdecisionsmadebycourtsoflaw.D,TheBritishconstitutionincludesonesinglewrittenconstitution.解析关于英国宪法的描述，D提到
