财政学课本习题答案（第8版）chapter_16

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1、Chapter16-EfficientandEquitableTaxation1.Assumingthatallothercommodities(exceptforcableandsatellitetelevision)wereuntaxed,thenoptimaltaxpolicysuggeststhecommoditiesshouldbetaxedaccordingtotheinverseelasticityrule.GoolsbeeandPetrin(2004)findthattheelasticityofdemandforbasiccableserviceis-0.5

2、1,andthedemandfordirectbroadcastsatellitesis・7.40.Applyingtheinverseelasticityrulewouldimplythat:©basic/(SAtellite)=(fjsAtellite/Jbasic)=(7.40/0.51)=14.5Thus,taxratesonbasiccableshouldbe14.5timeshigherthantaxratesonsatellitetelevisionbecausebasiccableisinelasticallydemanded,whiledemandforsa

3、tellitetelevisionishighlyelastic.Amongtheassumptionsthatgointotheinverseelasticityrulearethatgoodsareneithercomplementsnorsubstitutes,andthattheelasticitiesaretheHicksiancompensatedelasticitiesratherthantheMarshallianuncompensatedelasticities.Inthiscase,itislikelythatthefirstoftheseassumpti

4、onsisfalse-basiccableandsatellitetelevisionarelikelysubstitutesforeachother.TheHicksianandMarshalliandemandelasticitiesarelikelytobeclosetoeachotherbecausetheincomeeffectsarelikelytobesmallforthiscommodity.2.Althoughthetaxscheduleisprogressive,theincidenceisnotclearatall.Thisisdeterminedbyt

5、herelativedemandandsupplyelasticitiesforexpensivecars.Onemayarguethatbehaviorwillbedistortedonlyatthemargin,andhencedemanderslargelybeartheburden.However,administrationofthistaxwouldnotbestraightforward:Onecouldimaginemethodsofevasionsuchasmisrepresentinginvoicesorsellingthecarinparts!3.The

6、beardtaxwasprogressivebecauseitwasafunctionofsocialposition.IFshardtoknowabouttheefficiencyconsequencesunlessoneknowsmoreaboutthepriceelasticityofdemandfortheprivilegeofhavingabeard・Iftheelasticitywassmall,thenitwouldbeanefficienttax.However,conventionalnotionsofhorizontalequitysuggestthatt

7、hetaxwasunfair.4.Ifthenutfeeistrulycollectedwhetherornotthefarmercollectsnuts,thenitisindependentofthefarmersbehavior.Hence,itisalump-sumtax,andperfectlyefficient(unlessitdrivessomeindividualsoutoffarming).However,optimaltaxtheorytellsusthatwemustconside