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1、浪漫主义文学Romanticism历史背景HistoricalbackgroundRomanticism(ortheRomanticera/Period)wasanartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinEuropeandstrengthenedinreactiontotheIndustrialRevolution.浪漫主义是开始于18世纪西欧的艺术、文学、和文化运动，
2、大约就发生在1790年工业革命开始的前后。TheRomanticperiod,beganin1798,theyearofthefirsteditionofLyricalBalladsbyWordsworthandColeridgeandofthecompositionofHymnstotheNightbyNovalis,andendedin1832,theyearwhichmarkedthedeathsofbothSirWalterScottandGoethe.Historicalbackground·
3、TheearlyRomanticperiodcoincideswithwhatisoftencalledthe“ageofrevolutions”--including,ofcourse,theAmerican(1776)andtheFrench(1789)revolutions--anageofupheavals(动荡)inpolitical,economic,andsocialtraditions,theagewhichwitnessedtheinitialtransformationsoftheI
4、ndustrialRevolution.·ArevolutionaryenergywasatthecoreofRomanticism,whichquiteconsciouslysetouttotransformnotonlythetheoryandpracticeofpoetry(andallart),buttheverywayweperceivetheworld.·Attentiontotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationisalteredtotheinnerworldo
5、fthehumanspirit.Italsoplacestheindividualatthecenterofart,makingliteraturemostvaluableasanexpressionofthisorheruniquefeelings&particularattitudes.·TheRomanticsfeltthattheexistingsocietydeniedpeopletheiressentialhumanneeds,sotheydemonstratedastrongreactio
6、nagainstthedominantmodesofthinkingofthe18th-centurywriters&philosophers.Wheretheirpredecessorssawmanasasocialanimal,theRomanticssawhimessentiallyasanindividualinthesolitarystate&emphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual'smind.CharacteristicsofRomanti
7、cism·Imagination·Worshipofnature·Symbolismandmyth·Simplicityandhumanity·Spontaneity·IntensityOverviewofRomanticliteratureTheromanticperiodisanageofpoetry.WordsworthandColeridgearethemostrepresentativewriters.Theyexplorenewtheoriesandinnovatenewtechniques
8、in4versification.Theybelievethatpoetrycouldpurifyindividualsoulsandsociety.Forfurtherstudyoftheirliterarytheory,pleaserefertoWordsworth’sPrefacetoTheLyricalBallads&Coleridge’sBiographiaLiteraria.流派nPre-romanticpoetsnWillia
