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1、Thesciencewhichisconcernedwithheatandwork,andtransformationsbetweenthetwo.thermodynamicsEveryonehaslearnedthephysicalchemistryandknownaboutthethreelawsofthermodynamicsWhatcanIDOFORYOU?1)MakeyoubefamiliarwiththeEnglishnotionanddefinitionsforthethermodynamicitems2)Rec
2、itetheknowledgeinanewwayandmakeyoulikethermodynamicstheprincipleofconservationofenergy;thatis,energycanbeneithercreatednordestroyed.dW+dQisdUThefirstlawASonnettoFirstLawHowcouldIhavedoubtedyourconstancyyourwarmthandlaborssummed,signifyyoureverunchangingincessancy.Th
3、oughsomevirtueswane,willotherssupplyperfectcompletenessinmyuniverse.Arewenotapair,bornofheatandtoil,controvertible,notbetternorworse.Thoughshouldersmaybecoldorbloodmayboil,youarebalancedandneverviolated.Timelesscompassofperfectreckoning,northernstarofmislaidpathstra
4、nslated,you,thefirst,thoughasecond,beckoningNature,forever,throughherlawseschewdw+dqisdU献给第一定律的十四行诗怎能质疑你的可靠性对热功描述的准确性在变化环境下一致性虽然规律不总是适用你却适用我整个世界热和功是天生的一对这个说法却有待商榷可是此处冷彼处就热能量的守恒经久不变时间给出了恰当评价自然和我们做迷藏时在第一时间就能瞬间照亮了前程的北极星它就是dw+dq=dUNowlet’sgetsomeitems,whichyoumeetveryof
5、ten,intoinEnglish.payattentiontotheEnglishdefinitionfortheitems!Systemandsurroundingsystem:anyportionofspaceormattersetasideforstudy.Opensystem:bothmatterandenergyexchangesareinvolvedClosedsystem:energyexchangewiththesurroundingsisinvolved,butnomatterexchangeIsolate
6、dsystem:nomatterorenergyexchangewiththesurroundingsisinvolvedSurrounding:everythingelse,theuniverseoutsidethesystemOpensystem:waterClosedsystem:water+containerIsolatedsystem:water+container+surroundingairwaterWatervaporSurroundingairCylinderedcontainerWaterinaClosed
7、ContainerAirSurroundingFurnaceRawMaterialsOpensystem:Closedsystem:Isolatedsystem:rawmaterialsrawmaterials+airinthefurnacerawmaterials+airinthefurnace+surroundingMetallurgyHeatandworkenergytransferredbetweensystemandsurroundingsisdividedintotwocategories:Heat(Q):thee
8、nergychangedbecauseofthedifferenttemperaturesWork(W):allotherformsofenergyAlgebraicsignofheatandwork:SystemSurroundingw-+Q+-Twowaystochang
