英国宪章运动英文版1

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1、TheChartistMovementLeiYiteng1200443ThelivingconditionsofthepeopleinBritainin19thTheworkingclassTheBourgeoisclass(资产阶级)Undergroundofthemovement◆AftertheReformAct1832,thecapitalistclasshadtherightstovote,butnottotheworkingclass.◆Theworkingclasswereverypoorandtheirworkingconditionswereverybad.◆Aftert

2、heindustrialrevolution,theworkingclasshadorginazedinastrongorganization.SixbasicreformsUniversalmalesuffrage(选举权);Asecretballot(投票);NopropertyqualificationformembersofParliament(国会);PaymembersofParliament(sopoormencouldserve);Constituencies(选区)ofequalsize;AnnualelectionsforParliament.Thefirstwave:

3、People'sCharterof1838Thefirstwave:People'sCharterof1838Theworkingclassorganisedaconventiontopresenttheirpetition(请愿书)。Someleadersinthepresentationofthepetitionwerearrested.Parliament,byalargemajority,votednoteventohearthepetitoners.1842:Chartism'sbiggestpetitionand'theGeneralStrike'Thechartistsend

4、thepetitiontoTheParliament1842:Chartism'sbiggestpetitionand'theGeneralStrike'Theworkingcalsscalledforeconomicdemands.Thebiggestpetition,ofoverthreemillionsignaturesweresubmitted.Theparliamentrejectedthepetition.Thethirdwave:thepetitionin1848TheGreatChartistMeetingonKenningtonCommon,Londonin1848Leg

5、acyReformAct1867:doubledtheecectorate.BallAct1872:introducedthesecretballot.RESULT:Itdidnotdirectlygenerateanyreforms,butitopenedthedoorforpeopletoseetheneedforreformandthemethods.ExceptthelastoftheChartistaims-annualParliaments,therestofwhichpassed.THEEND