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1、专题十二 词义猜测挖命题【考情探究】考点考向考情分析预测热度考频统计考查目标2018.112018.62017.112017.62016.10阅读理解词义猜测10100根据文章的主题内容及相关的上下文,判断一个生词、词组或句子的含义或一个单词或词组在文章所指代的意义★★★分析解读 1.词义猜测题考查考生根据上下文的语境推断生词词义的能力,同时也考查考生对语境的正确分析和把握能力。该题型出现的题量不是很大,但是一般都有一定的难度,是具有区分度的题目之一。2.所猜测内容一般是超纲的比较生僻的单词或词组,有
2、时也会是一个句子。3.除了指代关系的设题,正确选项一般是该词或词组的近义词或释义。该近义词或释义能够从该词所在的句子上下文中得到足够明确的信息。而错误选项一般也可以通过上下文的语义予以排除。过专题【五年高考】A组 2018年全国高考题组Passage1(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:294Languageshavebeeningandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlessingandalotmoregoing.Whenthewo
3、rldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.So
4、onafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobeefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalpulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationan
5、dbettermunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralrule
6、isthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsfor
7、wellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(
8、eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gathere
