Jared_Diamond_-_Guns_Germs_and_Steel英文文献资料.pdf

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1、Diamond,Jared,Guns,GermsandSteel:Ashorthistoryofeverybodyforthelast13,000years.1997myownbookscanspreservedInthisPulitzerPrize-winningbook,JaredDiamondarguesthatbothgeographyandtheenvironmentplayedmajorrolesindeterminingtheshapeofthemodernworld.Thisargumentrunscountertotheusua

2、ltheoriesthatcitebiologyasthecrucialfactor.Diamondclaimsthattheculturesthatwerefirstabletodomesticateplantsandanimalswerethenabletodevelopwritingskills,aswellasmakeadvancesinthecreationofgovernment,technology,weaponry,andimmunitytodiseasePrologue:Yali'sQuestion:Theregionallyd

3、ifferingcoursesofhistory13Ch.1UptotheStartingLine:Whathappenedonallthecontinentsbefore11,000B.C.?35Ch.2ANaturalExperimentofHistory:HowgeographymoldedsocietiesonPolynesianislands53Ch.3CollisionatCajamarca:WhytheIncaemperorAtahuallpadidnotcaptureKingCharlesIofSpain67Ch.4FarmerP

4、ower:Therootsofguns,germs,andsteel85Ch.5History'sHavesandHave-Nots:Geographicdifferencesintheonsetoffoodproduction93Ch.6ToFarmorNottoFarm:Causesofthespreadoffoodproduction104Ch.7HowtoMakeanAlmond:Theunconsciousdevelopmentofancientcrops114Ch.8ApplesorIndians:Whydidpeoplesofsom

5、eregionsfailtodomesticateplants?131Ch.9Zebras,UnhappyMarriages,andtheAnnaKareninaPrinciple:Whyweremostbigwildmammalspeciesneverdomesticated?157Ch.10SpaciousSkiesandTiltedAxes:Whydidfoodproductionspreadatdifferentratesondifferentcontinents?176Ch.11LethalGiftofLivestock:Theevol

6、utionofgerms195Ch.12BlueprintsandBorrowedLetters:Theevolutionofwriting215Ch.13Necessity'sMother:Theevolutionoftechnology239Ch.14FromEgalitarianismtoKleptocracy:Theevolutionofgovernmentandreligion265Ch.15Yali'sPeople:ThehistoriesofAustraliaandNewGuinea295Ch.16HowChinabecameChi

7、nese:ThehistoryofEastAsia322Ch.17SpeedboattoPolynesia:ThehistoryoftheAustronesianexpansion334Ch.18HemispheresColliding:ThehistoriesofEurasiaandtheAmericascompared354Ch.19HowAfricabecameBlack:ThehistoryofAfrica376Epilogue:TheFutureofHumanHistoryasaScience403Acknowledgments427F

8、urtherReadings429Credits459Index461PREFACEWHYIsWORLDHISTORYLIKEANONI