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1、摘要利用混合物中各组分挥发能力的差异,通过液相跟气相的回流,使气液两相逆相多级接触,在热能驱动和相平衡条件的约束下,使得易挥发组分不断从液相往气相中转移,而难挥发组分却由气相向液相中迁移,使混合物不断分离,该过程称为精馏。该过程中,传热、传质过程同时进行,属传质过程控制。原料从塔中适当部位进塔,将塔分为两段,上为精馏段,不含进料,下段含进料板为提留段,冷凝器从塔顶提供液相回流,再沸器从塔底提供气相回流。气液相回流是精馏的重要特点。在精馏段,气相上升的过程中,气相轻组分不断得到精制,在气相中不断地增浓,在塔顶获得轻组分产品。在提馏段,其液相在下降的过程中,其轻组分不断地提馏出来,使重组分在液相
2、中不断地被浓缩,在塔底获得重组分的产品。本设计是以丙酮—水为设计物系。通过对精馏塔的运算,主要设备的工设艺设计计算—物料衡算、热量衡算、工艺参数的选定、设备的结构设计和工艺尺寸的设计计算,可以得出精馏塔的各种设计如塔的工艺流程、生产操作条件及物性参数通过只图解法计算得理论板数为14块,回流比是3.2,实际塔板数是33块,进料位置是第7块,通过筛板塔流体力学验算,证明各指标数据均符合标准。在此次设计中,对塔进行了物料衡算,本次设计过程正常,操作合适。AbsractUsingofvolatileabilityofacomponentinthemixture,wecanbackflowthegas
3、phaseandliquidphase,tomaketwo-phasereversemultistagequicklycontact.Underthethermaldriveandtheconstraintsofthephaseepuilibriumcondictions,thevolatilecomponentsfromliquidtogasphaseintheshift,butdifficultvolatilecomponentsinthegasphaseintoliquidphasrmigration,whichseparatethemixtureconstantly,theproce
4、ssisknowasrectification.Theprocessincludeheattransferandmasstransfer,andmasstransfercontroltheprocess.Rawmaterialsisfromtheappropriatelocationofthetowerintotower,thetowercanbedividedintotwosection,onesectionisrectifyingsection.containsnofeed,theothersectioncontainsthefeedplateisthestrippingsection.
5、Thecondenserisfromthetoptoprovideliquidreflux.ThereboilerProvidesliquidebackflowfromthetopofthetowerbottom.Gasandliquidrefluxingisoneoftheimportantcharacteristicsofrectification.Intherectifyingsection,intheprocessofgasphaseincreased,thelightcomponentgasphaseisconstantlyrefining,inthegasphaseconstan
6、tenrichment,lightcomponentareproductedinthetopofthetower.Butinthestrippingsection,therestructuringisconcentrated,atthebottomforarestructuringofproducts.Thisdesignisbasedonacetoneandwaterasthedesigndepartment.Throughthematerialbalance、heatbalance、selecttheprocessparameters.Bythegraphicmethod,wecanca
7、lculatethetheoreticalplatenumberis14pieces.therefluxratiois3.2,theactualplatenumberis33,thefeedpositionisthethirdpieceofplate,thetowerdiameterof7.Throughthefluidmechanicscalculationofthesieveplatetower,itsp