第四讲 John Milton.ppt

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1、JohnMilton(1608-1674)I.Puritanism1.Strictlyreligious:aradicalsectoftheProtestantreformers–*opposingthecomplicated&highlydecoratedritualsoftheCatholicchurchandadvocatingthesimplificationoftherituals;*emphasizingthesupremestatusoftheBibleandman’sownabilitytocommunicatewithGo

2、d,opposingthebishopsinprayerandwhattheythinkissuperstitious,e.g.idols,holyobjects;*popularinthelower-middleclasscraftsmen&businessmen;*lackingfreedomintheirreligiousbeliefsortoentertheAnglicanchurchduringtheRestorationperiod;*allowedtoentertheParliamentin1829.2.Abroadersen

3、seofawholewayoflife*strictobediencetothedictatesofconscience&strongemphasisofthevirtueofself-denial;*generallythoughttobehostiletoart–opponentstotheatreinElizabethanperiod(theatresthenwerescenesofmorallicentiousness&disorder)&confusingfictionwithlying–e.g.Bunyanwascriticiz

4、edforwritingfictioninhisallegory,&Defoefacedsimilarcharge;*encouragingpracticalattitudetoworldlyaffairs&holdingcontemptforculture–“philistinism”inthe18th&19thcenturies(whenreligionslackensasthedrivingforce,thepracticalvirtuescametoberegardedastheprincipalones).II.JohnMilto

5、n1.Milton’slife*bornintoarich&literaryPuritanfamilyandeducatedatCambridge;*followingCromwellduringtheCivilWar&appointedin1649theLatinSecretarytotheStateofCouncil;*becomingblindin1651&devotedtoliteraryworkaftertheRestoration.2.Milton’sworks3periods:a.(~1641)sonofthehumanist

6、s&Elizabethans–“Lycidas”,apastoralelegyonthedeathofacollegemate,EdwardKing;b.(1641-1654)pamphleteeringforthePuritancause–“theReasonofChurchGovernment”(1642),“OfEducation”(1644),“TheDefenseoftheEnglishPeople”(1651),“TheSecondDefenseoftheEnglishPeople”(1654);c.(1655-1671)hum

7、anist&Puritanfusedintoanexaltedentity–ParadiseLost(1665),ParadiseRegained(1667),SamsonAgonistes(1671)(*王佐良：清教主义的严峻，人文主义的文雅，二者结合，使他的诗既雄迈，又俊美。)3.FeaturesofMilton’spoetry*bothagreatpoet&animportantprosewriter:puritanism+republicanism–poignantthought,fieryideas,vividimages&pow

8、erfullanguage;*writingindifferenttypesofpoetry:thefirsttouseblankverseinnon-dramaticworks