诊断学名词解释.doc

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1、名词解释jaundice黄疸hematemesis呕血hematochezia便血vitalsign生命征somnolence嗜睡confusion意识模糊stupor昏睡coma昏迷delirium谵妄toneandvoice语调和语态hepaticfacies肝病面容nephroticfacies肾病面容mitralfacies二尖瓣面容acromegalyfacies肢端肥大症面容typhoidfacies伤寒面容sardonicfeature苦笑面容moonfacies满月面容maskedfacies面具面容criticalfacies病危面容pos

2、ition体位activeposition自主体位positiveposition被动体位compulsiveposition强迫体位orthopnea端坐呼吸compulsivesquatting强迫蹲位forcedstandingposition强迫站立位alternativeposition辗转体位opisthotonosposition角弓反张位gait步态waddlinggait蹒跚步态drinkenmangait醉酒步态ataxicgait共济失调步态festinatinggait慌张步态steppagegait跨阈步态scissorsgait剪

3、刀式步态intermittentclaudication间歇性跛行pigmentation色素沉着skineruption皮疹maculae斑疹roseolas玫瑰疹papules丘疹maculopapulae斑丘疹urticaria荨麻疹bleb疱疹petechia瘀点purpura紫癜ecchymosis瘀斑hematoma血肿spiderangioma蜘蛛痣pittingedema压陷性水肿oliversignOliver征sternalangle胸骨角midclavicularline锁骨中线abdominalprotuberance腹部膨隆pneu

4、moperitoneum气腹abdominalconcauity腹部凹陷scaphoidabdomen舟状腹Grey-TurnersignGrey-Turner征CullensignCullen征gastricpattern胃型intestinalpattern肠型puddletest水坑试验shiftingdullness移动性浊音board-likerigidity板状腹doughkneadingsensation揉面感McBurneypoint麦氏点reboundtenderness反跳痛peritonealirritationsign腹膜刺激征hep

5、atojugulorreflux肝颈静脉反流MurphysignMurphy征CourvoisiersignCourvoisier征referredtenderness牵涉性触痛ascites腹水kyphosis脊柱后凸lordosis脊柱前凸LaseguesignLasegue征elytest跟臀试验acropachy杵状指（趾）koilonychia匙状甲Dugassign杜加斯征Thomassign托马斯征amnesia遗忘intelligence智能dementia痴呆aphasia失语motoraphasia运动性失语sensoryaphasia感

6、觉性失语nominalaphasia命名性失语agraphia失写症alexia失读症apraxia失用症dysphonia构音困难cornealreflex角膜反射jointpositionsense关节觉finesensorymodalities复合感觉paralysis瘫痪paratonia副肌强直facilitoryparatonia易化型副肌强直oppositionalparatonia抵抗型副肌强直spasm痉挛tics抽搐myoclonus肌阵挛dystonia张力障碍tremor震颤statictremor静止性震颤posturaltremo

7、r姿势性震颤intentionaltremor意向性震颤choreicmovement舞蹈样运动athetosis手足徐动fasciculation肌束颤动myokymia肌纤维颤搐cramps痛性痉挛诊断学名词解释名称解释1．症状（Symptom）：疾病引起患者主观感觉到的生理功能变化和病理形态改变。2．体征（Sign）：医生通过自己感观或借助简单工具对患者进行体格检查，发现疾病所引起的机体解剖结构或生理功能上的客观变化。3．发热（Fever）：当机体在致热原作用下或各种原因引起体温调节中枢的功能障碍时，体温升高超出正常范围。4．外源性致热原（Exogen

8、ouspyrogen）：不能直接作用于体温调节中枢，