有机氟化学合成技巧6

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1、ElectrofluorinationofOrganicCompoundsFredG.DrakesmithConsultant,EATechnologyLtd.,Capenhurst,Chester,CH16ES,UK.E-mail:FGDrakesmith@compuserve.comThethreeprincipalelectrochemicalmethodsaredescribedbywhichfluorinecanbedirectlyintroducedintoorganiccompounds,namelyelectrolysisinmoltensalt

2、sorfluorideionsolutions,electrolysisinmoltenpotassiumfluoride/hydrogenfluoridemeltsatporousanodes,andelectrolysisinanhydroushydrogenfluorideatnickelanodes.Usingexamplesfromthepastdecade,itisaimedtodemonstratethatelectrofluorinationinitsvariousformshasprovedtobeanincreasinglyversatile

3、toolintherepertoireofthesyntheticchemist.Eachmethodisdescribedintermsofitsessentialcharacteristics,reactionparameters,syntheticutility,advantagesanddisadvantages,patentprotection,andpotentialforcommercialexploitation.Thedifferentmechanismsproposedtoexplaineachprocessarecriticallyrevi

4、ewed.Keywords:Electro-;Simons;Anodic;Fluroination;Electron-transfer.1Introduction...............................1982ElectrolysisinMoltenFluorideSaltsorFluorideIonSolutions..1992.1AlkeneDerivatives...........................2002.2AromaticCompounds.........................2012.3Benzyli

5、cCompounds..........................2052.4AldehydicCompounds.........................2052.5CompoundsContainingHetero-Atoms................2062.6ThioacetalCompounds.........................2082.7Lignins..................................2092.8CyclicKetones..............................

6、2093ElectrolysisinMoltenPotassiumFluoride/HydrogenFluorideataPorousAnode......................2103.1Equipment................................2103.2OperationalComplexities.......................2113.3SyntheticUtilityandMechanism...................2124ElectrolysisinAnhydrousHydrogenFlu

7、orideatNickelAnodes..2134.1ChemistrytoExpandtheSyntheticScopeofECF..........2144.1.1Amines..................................2144.1.2Amino-Ethers..............................2204.1.3NitrogenContainingCarboxylicAcids................221TopicsinCurrentChemistry,Vol.193©SpringerVerlagBer

8、linHeidelber