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1、主要文学流派及其代表作Classicism古典主义Asacriticalterm,abodyofdoctrinethoughttobederivedfromortoreflectthequalitiesofancientGreekandRomancultureparticularlyinliterature,philosophy,artorcriticism.Classicismstandsforcertaindefiniteideasandattitudes,mainlydrawnfromthecri
2、ticalutterancesoftheGreeksandRomansordevelopedthroughanimitationofancientartandliterature.Theseincluderestraint,restrictedscope,dominanceofreason,senseofform,unityofdesignandaim,clarity,simplicity,balance,attentiontostructureandlogicalorganization,chaste
3、nessinstyle,severityofoutline,moderation,self-control,intellectualism,decorum,respectfortradition,imitation,conservatismand"goodsense".Itsrepresentativesandtheirmajorworksinclude：JohnBunyan:ThePilgrim'sProgress(1678).Neoclassicism新古典主义Itmainlyappliestoth
4、eclassicaltendencywhichdominatedtheliteratureofthe17thcenturyand18thcentury.Itwas,atleast,theresultofareactionagainstthefiresofpassionwhichhadblazedinthelateRenaissance,especiallyinthemetaphysical（十七世纪诗体的）poetry.AndNeoclassicismesteemedobjectivity,harmon
5、y,rationality,dignity,proportion,andmoderation,stressedartisticsystemsandtechnicalcorrelationofstylisticcomponents,admiredconciseness,elegance,goodtasteandwit,combinedpleasurewithinstructionandmatchedcontenttostyle.Itsrepresentativesandtheirmajorworksare
6、:JohnDryden(1631--1700):TheWorldWellLost(1678);AlexanderPope(1688--1744):TheRapeoftheLock(1714),TheDunciad(1742).EarlyRomanticism浪漫主义Romanticism,asaliterarytrend,occurredanddevelopedinEuropeandAmericaattheturnofthe18thand19thcenturiesunderthehistoricalba
7、ckgroundoftheIndustrialRevolution.Romanticismstressesindividualandcreativefunctionofimagination.Itplacesindividualattheverycenterofalllifeandallexperienceandatthecenterofart.Itscharacteristicsare:(1)Romanticismisarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationali
8、sm.(2)Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsaremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.(3)RomanticsdonotthinkoftheworldasatickingwatchmadebyGod(4)Theyemphasizeindividualism,placingtheindividualagainsttheagainstthegro
