控释氮肥对抗除草剂转基因水稻田土壤甲烷排放的影响.pdf

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1、第34卷第16期生态学报Vo1．34，No．162014年8月ACTAECOLOGICASINICAAug．，2014DOI：10．5846／stxb201212261871周文鳞，娄运生．控释氮肥对抗除草剂转基因水稻田土壤甲烷排放的影响‘．生态学报，2014，34(16)：4555-4560．ZhouWL，LouYS．Efectofcontrolled．releasenitrogenfertilizeronCH4emissionintransgeniericefromapaddysoil．ActaEeologieaSinica，2014，34(16)：4555—4560．控释氮肥

2、对抗除草剂转基因水稻田土壤甲烷排放的影响周文鳞，娄运生(南京信息工程大学应用气象学院，南京210044)摘要：采用温室盆栽和静态箱．气相色谱法，研究了控释氮肥对抗除草剂转基因水稻和亲本常规水稻稻田土壤甲烷(CH)排放的影响。供试土壤为潴育型水稻土，氮肥种类为尿素和控释氮肥。结果表明，与对照(尿素)相比，控释氮肥提高了水稻分蘖数、株高、生物量及产量。水稻品种对CH季节性排放规律没有明显影响，CH排放通量基本表现为，自水稻移栽后逐渐升高，移栽后62—92d出现峰值，而后逐渐降低至水稻收获。与对照相比，控释氮肥可显著降低CH。排放通量和全生育期累积排放量。抗除草剂转基因水稻稻田土壤CH排

3、放通量和累积排放量均显著低于亲本常规水稻。研究认为，一次性基施控释氮肥和种植抗除草剂转基因水稻对有效减缓稻田甲烷排放具有重要意义。关键词：控释氮肥；抗除草剂转基因水稻；甲烷；排放通量；水稻土Efectofcontrolled-releasenitrogenfertilizeronCH4emissionintransgenicricefromapaddysoilZHOUWenlin，LOUYunshengColofAppliedMeteorology，NanjingUniversofInformationScienceandTechnology，Nanfing210044，China

4、Abstract：Nitrogenisoneofessentialnutrientsinriceproduction．Ahhoughnitrogensupplyincreasedproductivity，nitrogenutilizationefficiencywasverylowinriceproduction．Someresearchersrevealedthatnearlytwo-fifthsofnitrogeninputwaslostindifferentpathways．Excessiveuseofnitrogenfertilizernotonlycausedwasteo

5、fresourcesbutalsobroughtharmfulimpactsoneco-environment，suchasgreenhouseeffectandpollutiontowaterbodyandsoil．RicepaddiesareregardedasoneofmajorCH4emissionsourceswithannualestimatesabout31to112Tg，accountingfor5％一19％ofglobaltotalCH4emissions．CH4emissionwaspromotedbyapplicationoffreshorganicferti

6、lizerandsignificantlyreducedbybiogasfertilizerafterfermentationtreatmentinricepaddies．EffectsofchemicalnitrogenfertilizeronCH4emissionfromricepaddieswerecomplicated，whichwerecontrolledbysoilC／Nratio，fertilizertype，fertilizationamountandmode，etc．FertilizationaffectedCH4emissionthroughinfluencin

7、gsoilphysic0chemicalproperties，soilmicrobialcommunity(methanogensandmethanotrophs)andplantgrowth(e．g．developmentofaerenchyma，formationofrootexudates)．Controlled-releasenitrogenfertilizer(CRNF)，aseco-friendlyfertilizer，isabletodelaynitro