Hofstede的文化维度理论.doc

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1、依照Hofstede的文化维度理论，国家间文化的差异可以被归纳为5个不同的维度，分别为：1.Power/Distance(PD)–Thisreferstothedegreeofinequalitythatexists–andisaccepted–amongpeoplewithandwithoutpower.AhighPDscore：societyacceptsanunequaldistributionofpowerandpeopleunderstand"theirplace"inthesystem.LowPD：powerissharedandwelldispersed.It

2、alsomeansthatsocietymembersviewthemselvesasequals.（权力距离：指的是社会中对于“权力分配不均等”的接受程度，或是说，在社会之中权利分配的分散或集中程度。）2.Individualism(IDV)–Thisreferstothestrengthofthetiespeoplehavetootherswithinthecommunity.AhighIDVscoreindicatesalooseconnectionwithpeople.IncountrieswithahighIDVscorethereisalackofinterpe

3、rsonalconnectionandlittlesharingofresponsibility,beyondfamilyandperhapsafewclosefriends.AsocietywithalowIDVscorewouldhavestronggroupcohesion,andtherewouldbealargeamountofloyaltyandrespectformembersofthegroup.Thegroupitselfisalsolargerandpeopletakemoreresponsibilityforeachother'swellbeing.（

4、个人/集体主义:指的是在社会中成员们倾向于以个人或是集体来定义自己的程度。）3.Masculinity(MAS)–Thisreferstohowmuchasocietystickswith,andvalues,traditionalmaleandfemaleroles.HighMASscoresarefoundincountrieswheremenareexpectedtobetough,tobetheprovider,tobeassertiveandtobestrong.Ifwomenworkoutsidethehome,theyhaveseparateprofessio

5、nsfrommen.LowMASscoresdonotreversethegenderroles.InalowMASsociety,therolesaresimplyblurred.Youseewomenandmenworkingtogetherequallyacrossmanyprofessions.Menareallowedtobesensitiveandwomencanworkhardforprofessionalsuccess.（Masculinity/femininity男性度/女性度：指的是社会成员对于“决断力和物质成功”或“感性和人际关系”的偏好程度。）4.U

6、ncertainty/AvoidanceIndex(UAI)–Thisrelatestothedegreeofanxietysocietymembersfeelwheninuncertainorunknownsituations.HighUAI-scoringnationstrytoavoidambiguoussituationswheneverpossible.Theyaregovernedbyrulesandorderandtheyseekacollective"truth".LowUAIscoresindicatethesocietyenjoysnovelevents

7、andvaluesdifferences.Thereareveryfewrulesandpeopleareencouragedtodiscovertheirowntruth.（不确定性规避：指的是社会中其成员对于风险和未知性的容忍程度。）5.LongTermOrientation(LTO)–Thisreferstohowmuchsocietyvalueslong-standing–asopposedtoshortterm–traditionsandvalues.Thisisthefifthdimensionthat