美国能源类型与应用规划解析课件.ppt

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1、EnergyResourcesChapter10EnergyResourcesSupplementingfreesolarenergy99%ofheatcomesfromthesunWithoutthesun,theearthwouldbe–2400C(-4000F)Wesupplementtheother1%withprimarilynon-renewableenergysourcesEnergyResourcesRenewable(16%)SolarWindFalling,flowingwaterBiomassNo

2、n-renewable(84%)OilNaturalgasCoalNuclearpowerEnergysourcesandusesEnergyusesindevelopedcountriesindustrialdomestictransportationNote:Electricityisnotanenergysource,convertedfromanothersource(coal,hydro,nuclear,etc.).1stLawofThermodynamics-Youcan’tgetmoreenergyout

3、ofsomethingthanyouputin2ondLaw–Inanyconversionofheatenergytousefulwork,someenergyisalwaysdegradedtoalowerqualityenergyEvaluatingEnergyResourcesRenewableFutureavailabilityNetenergyyieldIttakesenergytogetenergyHabitatdegradationCost(initialandongoing)Communitydisr

4、uptionPoliticalorinternationalissuesSuitabilityindifferentlocationsPolluting(air,water,noise,visual)EachtypeofpowerprojectneedstobeevaluatedforthebenefitsandcostsTheenvironmentalcostsofhydroelectricityaremuchdifferentthanwindpower,forexampleImportantNonrenewable

5、EnergySourcesNorthAmericanEnergyResourcesAverageAmericanusesinonedaywhatapersoninthepoorestcountriesuseinoneyearUShasonly2.4%ofworld’soilreservesOILandNATURALGASAccumulationsofdeadmarineorganismsontheoceanfloorwerecoveredbysediments.Muddyrockgraduallyformedrock(

6、shale)containingdispersedoil.Sandstoneformedontopofshale,thusoilpoolsbegantoform.Naturalgasoftenformsontopofoil.PrimarycomponentofnaturalgasismethaneOilPetroleum(crudeoil)Costs:RecoveryRefiningTransportingEnvironmentalHighestrisksareintransportationRefiningyield

7、smanyproductsAsphaltHeatingoilDieselPetrochemicalsGasoline…BasedonboilingpointsConventionalOilAdvantagesRelativelylowcostHighnetenergyyieldEfficientdistributionsystemDisadvantagesRunningout42-93yearsLowpricesencouragewasteAirpollutionandgreenhousegasesWaterpollu

8、tionArcticNationalWildlifeRefugeControversy:Trade-offsWouldcreatejobsOilresourcesareuncertainUSsupply7-24monthsUncertainenvironmentalimpactsOilShaleandTarSandsTarSand