国外心理学史1课件.ppt

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1、HistoryandSystemsofPsychologyLecture9EDPS7080November3,2009Instructor:RobertHill,Ph.D.EssayQuestionDescribetwospecificwaysinwhichtheworkofCharlesDarwinimpactedpsychology.LectureOutlineBroca’sCraniometryBinet(1857-1911)Goddard(1866-1957)Terman(1877-1956)Yerkes(1876-1956)ContemporaryIssuesinI

2、ntelligenceTesting---------------------------------------------------------SchoolPsychology:Themes/EventsSchoolPsychology:FuturedirectionsEarlyAttemptstoMeasureFunctionofHumanMind:Broca’sCraniometryMeasurementoftheHumanBrain/Head:292men’sbrainsand140women’sbrains(weight)Prehistoricskulls(es

3、timationofcubicspacewithinskull)Conclusions:MenaremoreintelligentthanwomenThisdifferenceisgreaterincontemporaryMenandWomentheninprehistoricMenandWomenMenareevolvingmoreadaptivelythanwomenThisopinionwidelyacceptedLeadstodiscriminationofwomenineducationthatlastedfornearlyacentury4StephenJayGo

4、uld:InMis-measurementofManRe-examinedBroca’sdataWhenagedifferencesaccountedforWeightbetweenmenandwomenreducedto113gramsinsteadof181BodysizenotconsideredPrehistoricdatabasedupon13brains–verysmallsample5AlfredBinet(1857-1911)DeveloperofthefirstpsychologicaltesttoassessintelligenceBiographyStu

5、diedhypnotismwithJeanCharcotFocusedontheissueofhysteriaFrom1895untilhisdeathin1911,BinetservedasdirectorofFrance'sfirstpsychologicallaboratory,attheSorbonne.Editor-in-ChiefofFrench:ThePsychologicalJournalIn1905BinetandTheodoreSimoncreatedthefirstintelligencetestforgeneraluseAidFrenchgovernm

6、entinestablishingaprogramtoeducatementallyretardedchildren.6BinetandFereUsedofhypnotismandmagnetstostudyhysteriaandneuropsychologicalprocessesCompellingfinding:TheactionononesideofthebodyofahypnotizedpersoncanbemovedtotheothersidebymovingamagnetProblem–noonecouldreplicatehisresultsBinetforc

7、edtoadmitthatheandCharcotwerewrong,hypnosisandhysterianotlinkedtoadeterioratingnervoussystemNodidmagnetsinfluencethenatureofhypnoticeffects71908RevisedBinet-SimonScale:TheIssueofMentalLevelMentalleveldefined:A5yearoldshouldperformata5yearoldlevelMentalle