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Unit3 SeaExplorationUsingLanguage词汇积淀·素养初探Ⅰ.根据语境写出正确的单词1.themigration(迁移)routesofbirds2.adirectory(电话号码簿)ofhotels3.exploit(开发)one’stalents4.a20-gallon(加仑)fishtank5.amurder(凶杀)case6.aheartfullofmercy(仁慈)7.makepublicpropertyone’sprivatepossession(拥有)8.apoliticalopponent(反对者)9.logged(载入正式记录的)30,000airmilesinApril10.marine(海的)exploration11.thearrest(逮捕)ofacriminalsuspectⅡ.根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空1.Therewasamassmigrationofpoverty-struckfarmersintothecities.2.Sheappealedtothejudgetohavemercyonherhusband.3.Thehometeamwasinpossessionduringmostofthefourthquarter.4.Shewasstoppedoutsidetheshopandplacedunderarrest.Ⅲ.翻译下列课文原句并观察黑体部分1.Plasticpollutionisalsobad,killingmanybirdsandfish,andhasevenbeenfoundinourtapwater.塑料污染也很严重,杀死了许多鸟和鱼,甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了。2.Thereareprobablyvastamountsofresourcesundertheseaandice,notjustoilandgasbutalsovaluableminerals.海洋和冰下可能蕴藏着大量的资源,不仅仅是石油和天然气,还有宝贵的矿物。3.Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance. 希望随着技术的进步,我们可以有更多的选择来控制这种平衡。阅读精研·素养构建Ⅰ.文本整体理解:理清文章架构1.SkimthepassageandfillintheblanksText1(1)Seaexplorationhascausedmanyproblems▲Moreexplorationmeansmore(2)pollution.▲(3)Miningforresourcesisverydamaging.▲(4)Overfishingisanotherproblem.Text2Seaexplorationisimportantforour(5)future.Moreresearchis(6)necessary.Weneednew(7)resourcesforfuturedevelopment.(8)Environmentalrisksshouldbebalancedwitheconomicneeds.2.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Narration.(记叙文)B.Argumentativeessay.(议论文)C.Expositorywriting.(说明文)D.Practicalwriting(应用文)答案:C3.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?Text1ismainlyabouttheproblemscausedbyseaexplorationbutText2centersontheimportanceofseaexplorationforhumans. Ⅱ.文本细节理解:探寻语篇细节信息1.Choosethebestanswer(1)WhydoesthewritermentiontheDeepwaterHorizon?A.Toshowithasmoregallonsofoil.B.Toexplainitsinfluenceonanimals.C.Tostressthebadeffectofplastic.D.Toproveithascausedseriouspollution. (2)Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.ThespeedofthemeltingiceinArctic.B.ThediscoveryoffossilfuelsinArctic.C.ThedamagingresourcesintheArctic.D.TheinfluenceofclimateontheArctic.(3)Whatdoesthefirstwriterthinkofthesea?A.Itbelongstohumans.B.Itisthehabitatoflife.C.Itislesssensitiveactually.D.Itisthepossessionsoffuturegenerations.(4)Whatmakesitnecessaryforustoexploreseas?A.Thedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Thevalueofmineralsunderthesea.C.Therisingnumberofpopulation.D.Theoccurrenceofearthquakes.答案:(1)～(4)DDBC2.RereadthepassageandfillintheblanksTheproblemsofexploringseaMoreexplorationmeansmore(1)pollution▲Gallonsofoilisspilledintothesea▲PlasticpollutionMiningforresourcesisvery(2)damaging★Climatechangemakes(3)iceless★Lookformorefossilfuelsfurthernorth★Theicewillmeltmore(4)OverfishingisanotherproblemSeaexplorationisimportantforourfuture.Helpaddressimportantissuessuchas(5)climatechangeUnderstandingmoreabouttheseaHelpusmanageits(6)resourcesbetterLoggingnew(7)speciesImproveourunderstandingoflifeonthe earth.AccessingthedeepoceanHelpustopredict(8)eventssuchasearthquakes◆Newresourcesforgrowing(9)population◆Moreresourcesunderseaandice◆Balancethe(10)economicneedsandenvironmentalrisksⅢ.文本素养提升:阅读技能综合运用1.根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句译文:由于气候变化,现在的冰减少了,这意味着我们可以在更远的北方寻找更多的化石燃料。译文:我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么,这样我们才能采取行动。2.阅读主题活动(1)Whatisoverfishing?Overfishingiscloselytiedtobycatch—thecaptureofunwantedsealifewhilefishingforadifferentspecies.This,too,isaseriousmarinethreatthatcausestheneedlesslossofbillionsoffish,alongwithhundredsofthousandsofseaturtlesandcetaceans. Thedamagedonebyoverfishinggoesbeyondthemarineenvironment.Billionsofpeoplerelyonfishforprotein,andfishingistheprincipallivelihoodformillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld. (2)WhatdidwelearnfromtheDeepwaterHorizondisaster? TheDeepwaterHorizonblowoutcausedgasandoiltospillintotheGulfofMexicofor87days.Yearsafterthisenvironmentaldisaster,scientistsstudyingthespillbetterunderstandthecomplexprocessesthataffecthowoiltransformsanddegradesinthewaterandjusthowresilientecosystemscanbetosuchadisturbance.Thedisasterresponsealsodidnothingtoclearupdebatesaboutchemicalscalleddispersantsthatareoftenusedinspillcleanups.Researchershopethatthetechnologicaladvancesoverthepastdecade—andtheknowledgegained—willbetterpreparetheworldforthenextbigspill. (3)Howdohumanactivitiesaffecttheoceans?Humanactivitiesaffectnearlyallpartsoftheocean.Lostanddiscardedfishingnetscontinuetolethallysnarefish,seabirds,andmarinemammalsastheydrift.Shipsspilloilandgarbage;theyalsotransportcritterstoalienhabitatsunpreparedfortheirarrival,turningthemintoinvasivespecies.Mangroveforestsareclearedforhomesandindustry. Climatechangecurrentlyaffectingtheplanetbecauseofhighgreenhousegasemissionsfromhumansisstrikinglyreflectedintheoceans.Thegreenhousegascarbondioxideisalsoturningoceanwatersacidic,andaninfluxoffreshwaterfrommeltingglaciersthreatenstoaltertheweather-drivingcurrents. 要点精研·素养奠基1.mercyn.仁慈;宽恕;恩惠*Althoughthiswasbannedin1982,somecountriesarestill“murdering”theseintelligentcreatureswithoutmercy.尽管这在1982年被禁止,但一些国家仍然毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。*Havinglosttheengine’spower,theboatwasnowatthemercyofthewind.发动机坏了,这艘船现在任由大风摆布。*Hewassuchacruelmanthatheshowednomercytoothers.他是一个那么残酷的人以至于他对别人毫无怜悯之情。*Theyhadmercyontheirneighborforhesufferedalot.=Theyshowedmercytotheirneighborforhesufferedalot. 他们对邻居表示同情,他受的苦难太多了。showmercytosb. 怜悯某人havemercyon对……表示怜悯atthemercyof任凭……的摆布;在……的支配中withoutmercy残忍地,毫无同情心地【即学活用】语法填空(1)Hewillbegenerousandmerciful(mercy)tothosewhoareweakerthanhimself.(2)SopitifullydidshepleadthattheBarongrewcalmanddecidedtohavemercyonher.(3)Theyshowedlittlemercytotheenemies.(4)Thepolicemenshotthecrocodilewithoutmercy.(5)Theboatwasatthemercyoftherapidriver.2.possessionn.个人财产;拥有;控制*Theseaishometolife,nothumanbeings’possessions.海洋是生命的家园,而不是人类的财产。*ThecompanythatTomisinpossessionofwasonceinthepossessionofhisuncle.汤姆现在拥有的公司曾经是他叔叔的。*Onherfather’sdeath,shecameintopossessionofavastfortune.父亲死后,她继承了一大笔财产。*Wedidn’ttakepossessionofthecaruntilafewdaysaftertheauction.拍卖会过后几天,我们才真正拿到了那辆车。beinpossessionofsth. 拥有/占有某物beinthepossessionofsb./beinone’spossession为某人所有;归某人所有havepossessionof拥有comeintopossessionof占有某物get/takepossessionof占领;夺取 【即学活用】语法填空(1)Heisinpossessionofthehouse.=Thehouseisinthepossessionofhim.(2)HetookpossessionofalotofjewelsfromMrWhite.(3)Hehadcomeintopossessionofalargefortune.(4)Doestheyoungmanstandingtherehavepossessionofthecompany?3.arrestn.逮捕;拘留;中止 vt.逮捕;拘留;阻止*A$5millionrewardhasbeenannouncedforinformationleadingtothearrestofthoseresponsibleforthemurder.一项500万美元的悬赏已经公布,以获得逮捕那些对这起谋杀事件负责的人的信息。*Heissaidtobeunderarrestforspreadingonlinerumors.据说他由于传播网络谣言被捕了。*Anunusualpaintingarrestedhisattention.一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意。*Afterthematchthreeyouthsgotarrested.比赛过后,有三个青年被捕。*Hewasarrestedforfakingsomefamouspaintings.他由于伪造一些名画而被逮捕。arrestsb.forsth. 因……逮捕某人getarrested(人)被逮捕arrestone’sattention引起某人的注意beunderarrest被逮捕makeanarrest进行逮捕【即学活用】(1)Shewasarrestedfordrug-relatedoffences. 她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。(2)Youshouldn’tdothingslikethat.Youcouldgetarrested! 你不应该做那样的事。你会被捕的! (3)Thebrightcoloursoftheflowersarrestedthegirl’sattention. 花的艳丽色彩引起了那姑娘的注意。(4)You’reunderarrest.You’reheretoassistmyinvestigation. 你已经被捕了,你来这里是协助我办案的。读写结合·表达升级如何写辩论性文章——海洋探测辩论性文章属于议论文。议论文主要针对某一观点或问题(一般为有争议的观点或问题)发表议论和看法,因此写此类文章时要考虑的论据多为正反两个方面。通过对有争议的观点或问题的不同看法进行比较,然后进行分析和评论,最后提出自己的看法,表达自己支持或反对的态度并加以论证说明,得出结论。假如你是李华,学校即将举行以“Isitnecessaryforhumanstoexploreoceans?”为题目的英语作文比赛,请按照下列要求写一篇80词左右的议论文。要点如下:1.使海洋可持续发展2.了解海洋环境3.更好地了解气候完成句子1.它可以建立更好地理解环境变化所需的基本信息。Itcanestablishthebasicinformationneededtobetterunderstandenvironmentalchange. 2.这有助于科学家解决目前的情况。Ithelpsscientiststoaddresscurrentsituations. 3.这有助于科学家预测未来可能出现的情况。Ithelpsscientiststopredictthefuturesituationsthatmayemerge. 4.它还可以让我们了解海洋中可利用的物质,生命形式是如何生存的,以及人类如何在海底生存或充分利用深海资源。Itcanalsogiveusknowledgeaboutwhatareavailableinoceans,howthelifeformslive,andfindouthowhumanscansurvivedownthereormakegooduseofthedepth’sresources. 5.海洋是我们赖以满足食物、能源等需求的资源之一。Theseacanbeoneoftheresourcesforustorelyontofulfilltheneedssuchasfood,energy,etc. 6.它还可以帮助我们跟踪发生在海洋上的气候变化以及可能影响我们生活的因素。Itcanhelpuskeeptrackoftheclimatechangesthathappentotheoceanandwhatmightaffectourlife. 7.海洋探险对人类有很大的好处。Seaexplorationwillbeofgreatbenefittohumans. 句式升级8.用which非限制性定语从句合并句1,句2和句3Itcanestablishthebasicinformationneededtobetterunderstandenvironmentalchange,whichhelpsscientiststoaddressbothcurrentsituationsandtopredictthefuturesituationsthatmayemerge. 9.用because合并句4和句5Itcanalsogiveusknowledgeaboutwhatareavailableinoceans,howthelifeformslive,andfindouthowhumanscansurvivedownthereormakegooduseofthedepth’sresources,becausetheseacanbeoneoftheresourcesforustorelyontofulfilltheneedssuchasfood,energy,etc. Isitnecessaryforhumanstoexploreoceans? Iagreewiththeviewthatitisnecessaryforhumanstoexploreseas.First,itcanestablishthebasicinformationneededtobetterunderstandenvironmentalchange,whichhelpsscientiststoaddressbothcurrentsituationsandtopredictthefuturesituationsthatmayemerge.Moreover,itcanalsogiveusknowledgeaboutwhatareavailableinoceans,howthelifeformslive,andfindouthowhumanscansurvivedownthereormakegooduseofthedepth’sresources,becausetheseacanbeoneoftheresourcesforustorelyontofulfilltheneedssuchasfood,energy,etc.Inaddition,itcanhelpuskeeptrackoftheclimatechangesthathappentotheoceanandwhatmightaffectourlife.Insum,seaexplorationwillbeofgreatbenefittohumans.1.话题词汇(1)monster怪物(2)attack袭击(3)creature生物(4)sighting目击(5)hairy多毛的(6)frightening吓人的(7)mysterious神秘的2.话题句式(1)TheGreyManisafrighteningcreaturethatlivesinScotland.灰人是生活在苏格兰的一种可怕的生物。(2)Theysaythatthelow-temperatureseaisunlikelytobeabletosupportsuchlargelivingcreatures.他们说水温这样低的海里不可能有体型如此巨大的生物生存。(3)Heclaimstohaveseenaroundblackcreaturemovingquicklythroughthewater.他声称看见了一个圆的黑色生物在水中快速移动。(4)Therichmarinebiologicalresources,mineralresources,chemicalresourcesandpowerresourcesareanindispensableresourcetreasurehouseofhuman.丰富的海洋生物资源,矿产资源,化学资源和电力资源是人类赖以生存的必不可少的资源宝库。 (5)Themainobjectiveofthecurrentmarineconservationistoprotectmarinebiologicalresources.当前海洋保护的主要目标是保护海洋生物资源。(6)Weshouldmaintaintheregenerationabilityofmarinebiologicalresourcesandthenaturalpurificationcapacityofwater,preservationofthemarineecologicalbalanceinordertoensurethesustainablehumandevelopmentandutilizationofocean.我们应该保持海洋生物资源的再生能力和水的自然净化能力,维护海洋生态平衡,以确保人类的可持续发展和海洋的持续利用。课时检测·素养达标Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词1.Asaresultofthiswestwardmigration(迁移),Americanseventuallyoccupiedthewholecontinent—fromtheAtlantictothePacific.2.Lookuptheirnumberinthetelephonedirectory(目录).3.Carl’sstartingcollegeinSeptember.Meanwhile(与此同时),he’stravellingaroundEurope. 4.Weneedtomakesurethatweexploit(开发)ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.5.Wedrankgallons(加仑)ofcoffeetokeepourselvesawake.6.Herhusbandwasmurdered(谋杀)bygunmenasshewatched.7.Aftertheboat’smotorfailed,theywereatthemercy(仁慈)oftheweather.8.Thepossession(拥有)oflargeamountsofmoneydoesnotensurehappiness.9.Leadingopponents(对手)oftheproposedcutsindefencespendingwillmeetlatertoday.10.Detailsofthecrimearethenlogged(记录)inthecomputer.11.Marine(海洋的)biologistsareconcernedabouttheeffectsofuntreatedsewagethatisflowingintocoastalwaters.12.Thepolicesaysevenpeoplewerearrested(逮捕)forminoroffences.Ⅱ.选词填空withoutmercy,havepossessionof,behometo,arrestone’sattention,aswellas,takeaction 1.Theparkishometobears,wolves,andotherwildanimals. 2.Markwasmainlyinterestedinsportatschool,playingrugbyaswellassoccer. 3.It’shightimethatweshouldtakeactiontoprotectthewaterresources. 4.Atthefirstsignofmovement,theyshotwithoutmercy. 5.Thebrightcolorsoftheflowersarrestedhisattention. 6.Howdohumanbeingshavepossessionofhealthyphysiqueandself-containedmentality,whenenjoyingaffluentmateriallife? 课时素养评价九 Unit3 UsingLanguageⅠ.单句语法填空1.Changeofclimatemusthavehadapowerfulinfluenceonmigration(migrate).2.Ihaveinmypossession(possess)aletterwhichmaybeofinteresttoyou.3.Theyhavenomercyonthepoorfatheranddaughter.4.Amanisunderarrestfollowingthesuspiciousdeathofhiswife.5.Fifteenmilliontreeshadbeenblowndownbythehighwinds,blocking(block)roads,pathsandrailwaylines.6.Whatmakeshisparentsworriedisnothisgradesbutthathehasn’tanyinterestinlearning.7.Manychemicalshaveadamaging(damage)effectontheenvironment.8.Bothofthemhavebeenthroughanawfullotandhopefully(hopeful)nowIcanhelpthemrebuildtheirlives.9.Theaudienceapplauded(applause)theirfavoritesingerasshecameonthestage.10.Thereisnothingbutcriticismfortheuntruecoverage(cover)ofthefootballgameonthewebsite.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Theywerelostatthesea,atthemercyofthewindandweather. 他们在海上迷了路,任凭风和天气的摆布。 2.Wecan’ttakepossessionofthehouseuntilallthepapershavebeensigned. 所有的文件都签字以后,我们才能拥有这房子。3.AsIlookedthroughthebook,severalprintingmistakesarrestedmysight. 我翻阅这本书时发现了几个印刷错误。4.Theymaybeabletohelpwithchildcaresothatyoucanhaveabreak. 他们可以帮忙照料孩子,这样你就可以歇一歇了。5.Scientistshavebeenexploringspace,andmeanwhilemannedsubmersiblesarebeingimprovedunderwater. 科学家们一直在探索太空,同时载人潜艇也在水下改进。Ⅰ.阅读理解AWeknowmoreaboutthesurfaceoftheplanetMarsthanweknowaboutwhatisatthebottomofEarth’soceans.Untilrecently,scientistshadmappedonlyabout20percentoftheseafloor.Butourknowledgeofthedeepseasischangingbecauseofinformationfromsatellites.Scientistshaveproducedanewmapthatprovidesadetailedpictureoftheoceans.Thenewmapistwiceasdetailedasthemapmade20yearsago.DavidSandwellisageophysicsprofessorattheScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyattheUniversityofCalifornia.Heandotherscientistsworkedonthemappingproject.Hesaystheyturnedtospacetolookdeeperintotheocean. “Thewaywe’redoingthatistouseasatellitealtimeter(测高仪),aradartomapthetopography(地形)oftheoceansurface.Thatisbecausetheoceansurfacetopographyisdifferentbecauseofgravitational(引力的)effects.”Thescientistscollectedandstudiedinformationfromtwosatellites.OnewastheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sCryo-2satellitethatwasplacedinEarth’sorbittowatchseaice.TheothersatelliteistheAmericanspaceagency’sJason-1,studyingthesurfaceoftheoceans.Scientistscombinedthesatellitedatawithimagesgatheredbyequipmentonships.Theequipmentworksbysendingsoundwavesthroughthewater. Whenthesoundwaveshitanobject,itspresenceisconfirmed.Thenewmapshowstheseafloorasithasneverbeenseenbefore.Itshowsthousandsofunderwatermountainsandplaceswherecontinentspulledapart.Itshowswhereearthquakeswereactivemanyyearsago.Inoneplace,threemountainridges(山脊)joinatthesamearea.“It’scalledtheIndianOceanTripleJunction.It’soneofmyfavoritespotsintheocean.Youhavethreeplates—theAfricanplate,andtheIndo-AustralianplateandtheAntarcticplate—allconnectedatthisonepointinthecenteroftheIndianOcean,”saysDavidSandwell.Themapisapowerfultoolforthoseinterestedinprotectingtheenvironmentandforoilexploration.Italsocanhelpshipstravelsafelyandimprovescientificprojectsworldwide.Ofcourse,scientistswillmakemanymorediscoveriesastheyexaminethenewmapandtheinformationitprovides.【文章大意】本文是说明文。讲述科学家绘制了海底面积百分之二十的地图,得益于卫星传来的信息,有助于我们对于深海的了解更加详细。1.Wecanowethesuccessofthenewmappingprojectto . A.thedetailsoftheoldmapB.Europe’scooperationwithAmericaC.scientists’continualmeasuringworkundertheseaD.theapplicationofradarandsoundwavemeasuringequipment【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段的Thewaywe’redoingthatistouseasatellitealtimeter,aradartomapthetopographyoftheoceansurface和第四段的Theequipmentworksbysendingsoundwavesthroughthewater.Whenthesoundwaveshitanobject,itspresenceisconfirmed.可知,我们可以把新的绘图项目的成功归功于雷达和声波测量设备的应用。故选D。2.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mean?A.Theyhopedtousespacetechnologytomaptheoceanfloor.B.Theywantedthesatellitetoproducethemap.C.Theyhadneverexploredthedeeperocean.D.Theydecidedtosearchtheouterspace.【解析】选A。词句猜测题。根据下文DavidSandwell教授说的Thewaywe’redoingthat istouse...differentbecauseofgravitationaleffects.可知,画线部分说的是他们求助于太空来更深入地探索海洋,也就是希望利用空间技术绘制海底地图。故选A。3.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?A.Thefunctionofsoundwaves.B.Thedifferencesoftwosatellites.C.ThedifficultiesofmappingtheoceansD.Theprocessofmappingtheoceanfloor.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知,本段讲述科学家们从两颗卫星收集和研究信息。科学家将卫星数据与船上设备收集的图像结合起来。因此推断本段主要讲述绘制海床的过程。故选D。4.Thefifthparagraphisusedto . A.showthediscoverythroughthenewmapB.provetheearthquakeswereactiveundertheoceanC.explainhowtheoceanfloordevelopedD.introducewhattheunderwatermountainswerelike【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段的Thenewmapshowstheseafloor...manyyearsago.可知,本段被用来展示新地图的发现。故选A。B“Shineinthedark”dolphinsmayseemlikesomethingstraightoutofasciencefictionmovie.However,thatispreciselywhatNewportCoastalAdventures’CaptainRyanLawlerandprofessionalvideographerPatrickCoynewitnessed,whentheysetouttoexplorethespectacularbluetidesthathavebeenlightingupthewatersoffSouthernCalifornia’scoastsincemid-April.Thepartnerscannedtheoceanforhoursandwasreturningtoshorewhentheyspottedthe“electric”dolphinsswimmingthroughthebloomofshiningplankton(浮游生物).Thevideographer,whohadseenthephenomenononlyoncebeforeinaNetflixshow,sayscatchingthescenesprovedtobealotharderthanhehadexpected.“Forstarters,theshiningplanktonhassweetspotstowhereitshowsupandthenfadesaway,sowhileonthewater,it’simpossibletojustfindit,”Coynesays.“Also,conditionshavetobeabsolutelyperfectfortheshiningplanktontoshowandfor animalstoswimthroughitsowecanfilmit.” Thoughwitnessingshiningsealifeisrare,theelectrifyingblueoceansceneryisafairlycommonsightaroundSouthernCaliforniabetweenFebruaryandSeptember.Thephenomenoncanbeattributedtothepresenceofmillionsofplankton,whichtendtogatherandreproduceinlargequantitiesinthewarmcoastalwatersduringthistime.ThoughamajorityofCalifornia’sredtidesarecausedbyplanktonspeciesthatdonotproducedeadlypoison,somealgalblooms(藻花)canbedangerousforseaanimals,especiallywhentheystayforlongperiodsoftime.In2018,analmostyear-long“redtide”alongFlorida’sGulfcoastcausedbytheexcessivegrowthofmicroalgaeKareniaBrevis,killedhundredsoffishandotherseaanimals.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发光的浮游生物,以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“sweetspots”inParagraph2mean?A.Aseaplant.B.Alostworld.C.Aperfectmoment.D.Amissingcamera.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由第二段中的“Forstarters,theshiningplankton...it’simpossibletojustfindit,”可知,发光的浮游生物在它们出现和消失的地方都有自己的闪光点,“sweetspots”指的是浮游生物出现和消失的地方,是一个完美的时刻。故选C项。6.Whatisthemainreasonforthesealifeshining?A.Theyabsorbthelightintheoceanandthenreflectit.B.Theyaresurroundedbymillionsofshiningplankton.C.Theyswimthroughtheoceanwithelectricityinlargequantities.D.Theybenefitfromthewarmwatertopowerthemselves.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段中的“Thoughwitnessingshiningsealifeisrare...duringthistime.”可知,海洋生物发光的主要原因是,它们被数百万闪亮的浮游生物包围着。故选B项。 7.Whatcausedthedeathofsomeseaanimalsaccordingtothetext?A.Redtides.B.Humanexploration.C.Warmwater.D.Algalblooms.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段中的“ThoughamajorityofCalifornia’sredtides...killedhundredsoffishandotherseaanimals.”可知,造成海洋生物死亡的原因是藻类的繁殖。故选D项。8.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Science.B.Health.C.Entertainment.D.Education.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,文章介绍了发光的浮游生物,以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。可以推断,这篇说明文可能出现在报纸的科学版面。故选A项。Ⅱ.阅读填句 BeginningwithChineseeffortstoexploreandconnectwithCentralAsia,theSilkRoadconsistedofmassivesmallroutesandwasnamedafterthesilkcloththeChineseproduced. 1 Throughtheseroutes,Chinesesilk,porcelain,lacquerworkandironwarewereshippedtotheWest,whilepepper,flax,spices,grapeandpomegranateenteredChina. 2 Theypromotedflowofknowledgeaswell.Arabastronomy,calendarandmedicinefoundtheirwaytoChina,whileChina’sfourgreatinventionsandsilkwormbreedingspreadtootherpartsoftheworld. 3 Forexample,BuddhismoriginatedinIndia,blossomedinChinaandwasenrichedinSoutheastAsia.Confucianism,whichwasborninChina,gainedappreciationbyEuropeanthinkerssuchasLeibnizandVoltaire.Hereinliestheappealofmutual(相互的)learning. Theancientsilkrouteswitnessedthebusyscenesofvisitsandtradeoverlandandshipscallingatports.Alongthesemajorroutes,capital,technologyand peopleflowedfreely. 4 Theancientprosperouscitiesandportsdeveloped,sodidtheRomanEmpireaswellasParthiaandKushanKingdoms.TheHanandTangDynastiesofChinaenteredthegoldenage.Theancientsilkroutesbroughtprosperitytotheseregionsandcontributedtotheirdevelopment. SomeregionsalongtheancientSilkRoadusedtobealandofmilkandhoney.Yettoday,theseplacesareoftenassociatedwithconflict,crisisandchallenge. 5 Now,theBeltandRoadInitiativeintendstobuildanopenplatformofcooperationandabroadcommunityofsharedinterests.Itwillnotonlyachieveeconomicgrowthandbalanceddevelopment,butalsoconnectdifferentcivilizations.Mutualunderstanding,mutualrespect,andmutualtrustamongdifferentcountrieswillbeboosted. A.Moreimportantly,ideaswerealsoexchanged.B.Theancientsilkrouteswerenotonlyfortrade.C.Goods,resourcesandbenefitswerewidelyshared.D.Suchstateofaffairsshouldnotbeallowedtocontinue.E.However,silkwasjustoneofmanygoodstradedontheseroutes.F.Largeempiresprovidedstabilityandprotectionforthetraderoutes.G.TheSilkRoadwasneveranactualroad,orevenasinglemassivetraderoute.【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和意义,不仅有物资贸易,也有知识传播和观念的交流。现在的“一带一路”提供了一个合作、均衡发展的平台。1.【解析】选E。此处是词汇复现线索。根据后一句“通过这些路线,中国丝绸、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往西方,而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国”可知此段说的是丝绸之路上物资的贸易。silk是词汇复现。选项E意为:然而,丝绸只是在这些路线上交易的许多商品之一。故选E项。2.【解析】选B。此处是逻辑线索和代词指代。后一句aswell表示递进关系,notonly与aswell相关联。选项B意为:古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易。They指代theancientsilkroutes。故选B项。3.【解析】选A。空后举例“Buddhism佛教、Confucianism儒家思想”说明丝绸之路上观念的交流。选项A引出下一句的话题,意为:更重要的是,还交流了观点。故选A项。4.【解析】选C。此处是词汇线索。前一句“资本、技术和人员自由流动(flowed freely)”和选项C中werewidelyshared意思相关联。选项C意为:商品、资源和利益被广泛分享。故选C项。5.【解析】选D。此处是代词指代线索。空前一句“然而今天,这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑战联系在一起”。选项D中suchstateofaffairs指代上一句中陈述的状况。选项D意为:这种状况不应继续下去。故选D项。主题活动·迁移应用Ⅰ.语用功能表达描写海洋的词汇sea海;opensea远海;ocean大洋;inlet小湾;bay海湾,湾;gulf海湾;cove湾;cape海角;promontory,headland海角,岬;cliff悬崖峭壁;port,harbour(美作:harbor)港;bay,roadstead碇泊;sandbank沙滩;beach海滩;strait海峡;isthmus地峡;reef礁石;key暗礁;sandbar沙洲;tide潮;wave浪;undertow回头浪;tempest风暴;groundswell涌浪;seaquake海震,海啸;lowwater最低水位;territorialwaters领海,领水;icefloe冰川;iceberg冰山;shore海岸;bank河岸;estuary湖港区;delta三角洲;mouth河口;current,watercourse水流;stream,brook小溪;torrent湍流山溪;rapids急流;source源头;spring泉;bed河床;flood洪水;flow泛滥;swelling,freshet河水猛涨,涨水;basin流域;tributary支流;confluent汇合点;meander河曲;canal运河;waterfall,falls,cascade瀑布;cataract大瀑布Ⅱ.话题情景交流Mark:SoSorie,1.firstly,talkingaboutoceansportsandbeingontheocean(首先,我们来谈谈海上运动以及在海上游玩).MaybeyoucouldtalkaboutyouroceanswimmingexperienceinOgasawara. Sorie:Yeah,Iloveswimming.It’ssopeacefultobethereintheocean.AndtheoceaninOgasawarawasveryclearand2.meanwhileyoucouldseesomanyfishes(并且与此同时,你可以看到很多鱼类)andI’dlovetogoswimmingandimmersedintheocean.Itwaslikeanotherworld.Itwasverybeautiful.Butlateron. Mark:Whathappened?Sorie:3.Itbeganwhenmyfriendshadcometovisitandso,wewentfishing(这件事发生在我朋友过来看我,我们去钓鱼的时候).Butbeforetheystartedfishing,I decidedtogoforaswim.AndIswam,andIcouldseeallthewaytothebottomoftheocean.4.Andatthattime,Isawthisfishbuttheywereactuallynotfish,theyweresharks(在那时候我看到了一种鱼,其实那并不是鱼,那是鲨鱼).Theywerewhite-tippedsharks. Mark:Wow.Sorie:Therewerefourofthematthebottomoftheocean.AndIjustrememberthatoneyouhavetodoistokeepcalm.SoIdidthat.AfterthatIswamout.5.Itoldmyfriends,“Therearefoursharksdownthere,sogetmeoutofhere”(我告诉我的朋友们,“海底有四只鲨鱼,快带我离开这里”).Sotheygotmeoutoftherebutmyheartwasbeatingsofast.Iwassoscared. Mark:Weretheydangerous?Thosesharks?Sorie:Well,they’renotdangerous.TheymightbeabletobiteafingeroffbutIdidn’twantthattohappeneither.SoassoonasIsawthem,Icameoutoftheplace.Yeah,butthatwassoscary.Mark:Wow.Oh,itsoundsbeautifulandamazinganddangerousallthesametime.
