最新博士英语作文范文经典35篇38页word

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...............精品资料...............最新博士英语作文范文经典35篇【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............1.TelevisionProgramandTheirEffectonchildrenTelevisionprogramsregularlyentertain,educate,effectandevenfrightenthemajorityofourchildren.Mostchildrenareallowedtowatchwhateverprogramison,withlittlethoughtontheeffectthatparticularshowwillhaveonachild.Mostprogramscanbeclassedasbeneficialorharmful,accordingtowhateffecttheprogrammighthaveonachild.Thebeneficialtelevisionprogramsaremainlythouse（附属房,温室）thateducatetheyoung.Thereareoftenspecialsonanimallife.Afewregularchildren’sprogramsdevelopthechild’sinterestinschool-typelearningbystressingnumbersandthealphabet,andthatencourageshimorhertobecreative.Thebeneficialcommercials,suchasthoseonanti-smoking,anti-litter,andhealth,shouldbeincludedinthiscategory.Ontheoppositesidearetheshows,whicharegenerallyharmfultochildren.Manycommercials（商业广告）,especiallythosesponsoringthechildren’sprograms,aredeliberatelywrittentocreateadesireforanunnecessaryproductsuchassugarcoated（涂上一层的）cerealsandcandy.Alladultprogramsthatincludeviolenceorsexscenescanatbestfillachild’smindwithconfusingormisleadingideas,andcouldpossiblyharden（v.变硬,使...坚强,涨价）thechildtoviolence.Thoughtfulparentswilldefinitelynotallowtheirchildrentoviewthebadprograms.Achild’sviewingtimeshouldbelimitedtowatchingeducationally（adv.教育的,教育上的,有关教育的）beneficialprograms.2.HowtoSolvetheHousingProbleminBigCitiesWiththedevelopmentofmodernindustry,moreandmorepeopleareflowing【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............intobigcities.Accordingly,thehousingprobleminbigcitiesisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Peoplehaveofferedmanysolutionstothisproblem.Ithinkbuildingsatellitecitiesinthesuburbs（在郊区）ismorepractical.Thefreshairandbeautifulsceneryinthesuburbswillbeappealingtothecitycitizens,whosufferfromairpollution,noises,etc.intheovercrowded（a.过度拥挤的）city.Withmorepeopleleavingthecity,morespacewillbeavailableforthoseremaining.Thehousing（n.房屋(外壳，外套，外罩，住宅，卡箍，遮盖物)）probleminbigcitieswillthus（adv.如此，这样，因此，从而；conj.因此，于是）besolved.3.TheyoungergenerationknowsbestOldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentsaremadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheideasoftheirelders.Events,whichtheoldergenerationremembersvividly,arenothingmorethanpasthistory（过去的经历）.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheoneprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency（[kəm'pleisənsi]n.【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............自满）.Theytakeleavetodoubtthattheoldergenerationhascreatedthebestofallpossibleworlds.Whattheyrejectmorethananythingisconformity（[kən'fɔ:miti]n.适合,一致,相似）.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrab（[dræb]adj.土褐色的,单调的）greysuitsandconvict（['kɔnvikt]n.囚犯,罪犯v.使...确信自己犯错,宣告...有罪,使...知罪）haircuts?Ifweturnourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-ridden（adj.有负罪感的）intheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions（物质财富）?Cananythingberightwiththeratrace（n.商业上竞争,事业上竞争）?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife?Therearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugoff（vt.不屑理睬(抖去，认为无足轻重)）lightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless（a.无脏污的，无缺点的，无可挑剔的）.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguideline（n.指引）.Today,thesituationmightreverse.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”（['sinful]adj.有罪的，罪恶的）.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisuretoshed（n.车棚,小屋,脱落之物v.使...流出,放射,脱毛）restrictinginhibitions【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............（n.禁止,禁制,压抑）.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpressedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb（[bɔm]n.炸弹v.轰炸vt.投弹,轰炸）,theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation（[ə,naiə'leiʃən]n.歼灭,消灭,湮灭）.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisedthattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanity（['sæniti]n.神智健全,头脑清楚,健全）ofthegenerationthatbequeathed（[bi'kwi:ð]v.遗赠,遗留）it?4.PublicTransportationAspartofdomesticmodernization,publictransportationneedstobedevelopedurgentlyinChina.Icanillustratesomeexamples.Theredoesnotonlyexistserioustrafficjamsbutalsocrowdedbuses（n.公共汽车）,underground（n.地下,地铁,地道,秘密活动adj.地下的,秘密的adv.在地下,秘密地）andrailways.Commuters（n.通勤者,每日往返上班者）findithardtogettoworkontimeduetoovercrowdedbusesortubes（['tju:b]n.地铁,电子管,显像管,管,软管;电视）.Travelerscouldhardlygetonbusesinbigcitiesduringweekendsowingtofewerbusesandmorepeople.WhenSpringFestivalisdrawingnear,thereismuchgreater–pressureonpublictransportationsinceithastodealwithalargenumberoftravelersrushinghome.Andtravelersneedspecialarrangementstogohome.Inaword,publictransportationhasbecomebottleneck（['bɔtl,nek]n.瓶颈）totheadvanceofChineseeconomy.Tosolvetheabovementionedproblems,thedepartmentsconcernedshouldcarryoutthefollowingsteps:tobuildmoreroads,highwaysorrailwaysandtoaddbusesortrainstotheoriginallines.Butthefundshavetoberaisedbothfromthe【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............governmentandthepublic.Therearethreesourcesforfundraising（资金筹措）.Oneistoraisethefaresforallkindsofalltransportationvehicles.Anotheristoincreasethepricesforvariousvehiclesonsale.Thethirdistoraisethepricesofpetrolanddieseloil（n.柴油）inadditiontothegovernmentalfunds.Ifallthismoneycollectedisusedtoimprovetransportationservices,thesituationwillbebettered（被改善的）andfavorable.Thethirdsteptotakeistointroducenewtechnologyinordertoraisetheefficiencyofvehicles.Forinstance,thespeedoftrainscanbeincreasedasmuchastwotimessothattwotimesasmanypeoplecanbeheld.Inthisway,thepressureonpublictransportationcanbedramaticallyalleviated（[ə'li:vieit]v.减轻,使...缓和）.Soinaword,weneedtointroducenewtechnologytoraisethespeedofvehicleswhilehavingbuiltevenwiderroadsandaddedmoreefficienttrainsandbuses.5.HumanEducationTheotherday（n.前几天）,aprofessorfromPekingUniversitygavealecture“ChineseIntellectualsandWrittenCulturalText”.Inhislecture,heheldthatChineseintellectualshavelostthewrittenculturaltextsincetheMay4thmovement.Hisopinionsetusthinkingthatthelossoftraditionalhumaneeducation（人文教育）resultedinacrisisofculturaleducation（文化教育）.Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,thelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasimprovedalotintermsofmaterialwealth.Inaperiodwheneconomicstakepriority,peoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontoprofit.Atpresent,moneymaking（adj.孜孜求利的,热心赚钱的）andpleasureseekingarebecomingapopularfashion.Ontheotherhand,thereappearsabarrenfieldofspiritintoday’ssociety.It【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............hasbecomeunexpectedly（['ʌniks'pektidli]adv.未料到地,意外地）hardtorebuildtheparadise（'pærədaiz]n.天堂）oftraditionalculture（传统文化）.Ideological（adj.意识形态的）confusion,moraldeclineandachaoticculturalmarket,allthisshowsthatitisthehightimetohavesomethingdoneinordertotackle（['tækl]v.处理,抓住n.工具,复滑车,扭倒）theproblemofculturalorientation（文化取向）.Ourtimes（我们的时代）callforanidealhumaneeducation.ItisunwisetodiscardtraditionalChinesecultureasawhole.Someoftheelementsofthisculturecanbemadeuseofinthereconstructionofourspiritualcivilization（n.文明,文化）directlyorwithsomeadaptation（[,ædæp'teiʃən]n.改编,适应,改编成的作品）.Ourattitudetowardstraditionshouldbe“discardingthedross（[drɔs]n.浮渣,碎屑,渣滓）andselectingtheessence（['esns]n.本质,精髓）”.ThehumaneeducationofthepastcanserveasasupplementtoourMarxist（['mɑ:ksist]adj.马克思主义的n.马克思主义者）education.Itshouldstartfrom（从...开始）primaryschool（小学）.Inthisway,ourchildrenwillgeteducatedsoastobepossessedofaperfectpersonality.Thenationalmoralewillbedeeplyrootedinpeople’smind,andwillhelppushforwardthegrowthofeconomy.Tosumup,wecanfinditbadly（['bædli]adv.严重地,恶劣地,极度地）necessarytobuildupanidealhumaneeducation.WeshouldfindanefficientwaytodevelopourhumaneeducationanddigoutmoreresourcesformtraditionalChineseculture.6.CriticismonTelevisionAlotofpeoplebelievethattelevisionhasaharmfuleffectonchildren.Afewyearsago,thesamecriticismsweremadeofthecinema（n.电影院）.Butalthough【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............（可虽然；当Butalthough/though连用时则代表“不过，虽然（是这样，但……）/但是，虽然”，这个词不是对前一句的“否定”，而是对一个现有观点或事物提出另一个观点或事实。）childpsychologists（n.心理学家）havespentagreatdealoftimestudyingthisproblem,thereisnotmuchevidencethattelevisionbringsaboutteenager’scrimes.Forpeopleinthemodernworldsharetheviewsofparents（家长意见）ahundredyearsago.Inthosedays,writersforchildrencarefullyavoidedanyreferenceto（提到）sexintheirbooks,buthadnotinhibitions（[,inhi'biʃən]n.禁止,禁制,压抑）aboutincludingscenesofviolence.Theevidencecollectedsuggests,however,thatneitherthesubject,northeactioninitselffrightenschildren.Thecontextinwhichcruellyorviolenceoccursismuchmoreimportant.Agoodguidetowhatispsychologicallyhealthyforasmallchildisthereforeprovidedbyatelevisionseriesinwhichaboyandagirlaresupposedtobeexploringdistantplanetswiththeirparents.Ineachstory,theyencounterstrangemonstersandfindthemselvesindangeroussituationsbuttheparentsarereassuring（adj.安心的,可靠的,坚强的）andsensible（adj.明理的,明智的）,asachild’sparentsshouldbeinreallife.Inmyview,childrenshouldbeexposedtotheproblemsofreallifeassoonaspossible,buttheycannothelpseeingthesethroughnewsprograms.Whentheyarebeingentertained,thehealthiestatmosphereisonewhichtheheroandheroine（['herəuin]adj.英雄式的,英勇的n.女英雄,女主角）arechildrenlikethemselveswhobehavenaturallyandconfidentlyinanysituation.7.Theonlythingpeopleareinterestedintodayisearningmoremoney【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............Onceuponatimetherelivedabeautifulyoungwomanandahandsomeyoungman.Theywereverypoor,butastheyweredeeplyinlove,theywantedtogetmarried.Theyoungpeople’sparentsshook（受到严重打击的；受到强烈影响的）theirheads.“Youcan’tgetmarriedyet.”Theysaid.Waittillyougetagoodjobwithgoodprospects.Sotheyoungpeoplewaiteduntiltheyfoundgoodjobswithgoodprospectsandtheywereabletogetmarried.Theywerestillpoor,ofcourse,theydidn’thaveahousetoliveinoranyfurniture,butthatdoesn'tmatter.Theyyoungmanhadagoodjobwithgoodprospects,solargeorganizationslenthimthemoneyheneededtobuyahouse,somefurniture,allthelatestelectricalappliancesandacar.Thecouplelivedhappilyeverafter（adv.自...以后(...以后一直)）payingoffdebtsfortherestoftheirlives.Andsoends（从此）anothermodernromanticfable.Weliveinamaterialistic（[mə,tiəriə'listik]adj.唯物论的,唯物主义的）society;ourpossessions,yoursandmineareclearlylabeledfromearlychildhood.Whenwegrowoldenoughtoearnaliving,itdoesnotsurpriseustodiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofthemoneyyouearn.Wespendthewholeofourliveskeepingupwithourneighbors,theJoneses（n.与自己社会地位相等的人,邻居）.Ifwebuyanewtelevisionset,Jones（1.(生活水平和社会地位较高的)爱炫富的邻居；时髦圈中人2.[俚语]爱好，癖好(尤指吸海洛因)3.[有时作jones][俚语]毒瘾4.[有时作jones][美国俚语]毒品；海洛因，麻醉药）isboundtobuyabiggerandbetterone.Ifwebuyanewcar,wecanbesurethatJoneswillgoonebetter（胜过）andgettwonewcars:oneforhiswifeandoneforhimself.ThemostamusingthingaboutthisgameisthatJonesesandalltheneighborswhoarestrugglingfrantically（adv.狂暴地,疯狂似地）tokeepupwiththemarespendingborrowed【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............moneykindlyprovided,atasuitablerateofinterest（利率）,ofcourse,byfriendlybanks,insurancecompanies,etc.Itisnotonlyaffluentsocieties（n.（奢侈品供销两旺的)富足社会，富裕社会(指充分具备舒适生活条件的社会环境)）thatpeopleareobsessedwith（被,死抱住...不放）theideaofmakingmoremoney.Consumergoodsaredesirableeverywhereandmodernindustrydeliberately（adv.故意地）setsout（出发v.规划,展现v.出发，开始）tocreatenewmarkets.Gonearethedays（那些日子一去不复返了，后接when引导的时间状语从句）whenindustrialgoodsweremadetolastforever（是永远持续，永恒的意思）.Thewheelsofindustry（工业的巨轮）mustbekeptturning.Built-in（adj.1.嵌入(墙内)的，镶装的，作为整体建筑一部分而建造的，不能移动的2.成为某物组成部分的，为整体下一部分的3.内在的；固有的；本质的；生来的，天生的n.被固定于建筑物的用具(如家具、冰箱、炉灶等)）obsolescence（[,ɔbsə'lesns]n.荒废,退化）providesthemeans;goodsaremadetobediscarded.Carsgettinnierandtinnier.Younosooneracquirethisyear’smodelthanyouarethinkingaboutitsreplacement.Thismaterialistic（adj.唯物论的,唯物主义的）outlookhasseriouslyinfluencededucation.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplethesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake（为学知识而学知识）.Everycourseofstudiesmustleadsomewhere（达到一定深度）i.e.toabiggerwagepacket（工资袋）.Thedemandforskilledpersonnel（技术熟练的员工highlyskilledpersonnel高度熟练的技术人员）forexceedsthesupplyandbigcompaniescompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Temptingsalariesand“fringebenefits”（附加福利）areofferedtothem.Recruitingtacticsofthiskindhaveledto【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............thebraindrain（人才外流）,theprocessbywhichhighlyskilledpeopleoffertheirservicestothehighestbidder（最高价竞买人）.Thewealthiernations（更富裕的国家）deprivetheirpoorerneighborsoftheirmostablecitizens.WhileMammon（['mæmən]n.1.财神2.钱财，物质财富贪欲，贪财；themammonofunrighteousnessa.不义之财；金钱；财富b.鄙俗的富人）isworshippedasneverbefore（adv.以前从来没有）,therichgetricherandthepoor,poorer.8.CommunicationandLanguageOneofthefirstthingswethinkaboutwhenwehearthewordcommunicationlanguage（通信语言）.Therearethousandsoflanguagesspokenaroundtheworldtoday.Infact,linguisticssaythattheremaybeasmanyas10000.Speakingwithothersisanimportantmeansofcommunication,butwecanalsocommunicatewithoutusingwords,thatisbynonverbalcommunication（非言语沟通，非口头信息交流）.Nonverbalcommunicationincludesvoicequality（话音质量，声音品质）,eyesmovement,facialexpression（面部表情，用手势模仿）andbodymovementssuchasgesturesandchangeinbodyposition（体位）.Butmanypeopledonotrealizethateveryoneusesnonverbalcommunication.Sometimes,we“say”morewithourfaceandgesturesthatwedowithourvoices.Books,magazines,newspapers,radio,television,areothermeansofcommunication.Todaywecanalsocommunicateoverlongdistancewiththehelpofcommunicationssatellites（通信卫星）.Somescientistssaythatsoonmachineswillbedevelopedforsendingmessagethroughtheearth.Thetechnologynecessarytobuildthesemachinesisverycomplex.Butthelanguagewespeakeverydayismuchmorecomplexthanthemostmoderncommunicationtechnology.【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............9.CooperationGoeswithCompetitionInourtimes,cooperationandcompetitionspreadovertheworld.Bothofthemspeedup（加快速度）thewheelofeconomyandenrichtheintelligenceofmankind.Itisimpossibletoaccomplishacomplicatedprogrambyonlyonepersonnow.Asweknow,themorecooperationacompanydependson,themoreefficientitwillbecomeinbusiness.Furthermore,wecan’tavoidcompetitioninourexchanges.Fromtimetotime,wecompareourselveswithothers,expectingtocatchupwithothers.Thisisthespiritofcompetition,bywhichwepursuethehighestgoal.Itisonlybycompetitioninthemarketthatacompanycanraiseitsreputation（n.名誉,名声）.Wereitnotforcompetition,say,allofuswouldnotenjoywhatwehaveachieved.10.TheRiseofIntellectualPropertyProtectionIntellectualproperty（知识产权）scarcelyexistedinthevocabulariesofacademicresearchersandadministratorseven15yearsago.Nowitisanever-present（adj.经常存在的）partofdiscussionsonresearchpoliciesanddirections.Thisnewimportanceofintellectualpropertyinacademia（[,ækə'di:mjə]n.学术界(学术生活)）reflectsachangingviewontherelationshipsofresearchatuniversitiestothesurroundingsociety（周边社会）.Untilrecently,researchatuniversitieshasbeenrelativelyisolatedfromdemandsofeconomicutility,andeducationofgraduatestudentshasemphasizedacareerinacademicresearchasthefinalgoal.NowalmostallresearchuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavetechnologylicensingoperations.ThenumberofU.S.patentsgranted（批准的专利）toAmericanuniversitiesinayearrosefrom（由…复活，从…上升）about300in1980【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............toalmost2000in1995.Thedirecteconomicimpact（经济影响）oftechnologylicensing（技术授权）ontheuniversitiesthemselveshasbeenrelativelysmall.Incontrast,theimpactofuniversitytechnologytransferonthelocalandnationaleconomieshasbeensubstantial,andleadstotheconclusionthattheLicensingAct（照法）isoneofthemostsuccessfulpiecesofeconomicdevelopmentinrecenthistory.Ithasbeenestimatedthatmorethan200000jobshavebeencreatedintheUnitedStatesinproductdevelopmentandmanufacturingofproductsfromuniversitylicenses,withthenumberincreasingfairlyrapidlyasthelicensesmature.Intellectualpropertytermshavebecomevitallyimportant.Thecompanywantstobeassuredthatitcanusetheresultsoftheresearchandthattheseresultswillnotbeavailabletotheircompetitors.Butmostuniversitiesinsistthattransferofresearchresultsiskeyto（开…的钥匙）theiridentityandmissionandwillnotagreetokeeptheprojectresultssecret.Thekeytoresolvingthisdilemmaistograntpatents（专利授权）:theuniversitywillpublishtheresults,butwillfirstagreetofilepatentsthatwillprotectthecompany’sprivilegeinthecommercialmarketplace.11.GenerationGapDespitevariousimprovementsinallaspectsofsociallife,thegenerationgapbetweenthegrown-upandtheyoungremainsunabridged（adj.完整的）.Instead,itgrowswiderapart.Nowadays,theyouthsdonotblindlyfollowwhattheireldersay.Owingtowidespreadeducation,theinfluenceofwesterncivilization,tocertainextent,givesthemanewcodeofphilosophy（n.哲学,哲理）,whichiscompletelydifferentfromthatoftheirelders.Aninvisiblecoldwall（【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............【海洋学】(墨西哥湾)暖洋流和(拉布拉多)冷洋流的分明交界）thus（adv.如此,这样,因此,从而，conj.因此,于是）appearsbetweenthetwogenerations.Modernyouthsaretryingtobemorerevolutionary.Theyhavetheirowninterpretation（n.解释,演出,翻译,互動）fro（adv.向那边,向后）differentmatters;theyalsohavetheirownideals.Theirreluctancetolearnoldteachingandsayingsbecomestheconstantfrictionbetween（…之间的摩擦／不和）thetwogenerations.Theyalwaysintroducenewchanges.However,theoldpeople,weddedto（adj.喜爱(专心于...的,对...因执的)）everythingofthepast,arehostileto（对…有敌意）changesandthegenerationgapbecomeswiderandwider.Afterall,theyounggeneration,liketheoldone,ismadeoffleshandblood（血肉之躯,亲骨肉,亲属）.Theyoungalsoneedrespectandtheyalsohaveskillsandgoodideas.Inordertonarrowthegap,bothgroupsshouldtrytounderstandeachother.Mostprobably,thesesuggestionsmayhelptosolvetheproblem.12.ShouldMenandWomenBeEqual?Shouldmenandwomenbeequal?Thisisaquestionmuchtalkedaboutbymanypeople.Someholdtheopinionthatmenaresuperiortowomeninmanyways.Foronething,manyjobmendocanhardlybedonebywomen,whoarephysically（['fizik(ə)li]adv.身体上地）notstrongenough;andforanother,mostoftheworld-famous（adj.世界闻名的）scientistsorstatesmen（n.政治家）arefoundtobemales.Moreover,thewholehumansocietyseemstohaveallalongbeendominatedbymenonly.Isn’titevidentenoughtoshowthatmenarealotstrongerthanwomen?Hence,theformershouldenjoymorerightsthanthelatter.Otherpeople,however,thinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.Theyfirmly【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............believethatmenandwomenarebornequal.Andwomenarecertainlyastalentedasmeniftheyaregivenequalopportunitiesofeducation.Isn’titafactknowntousallthatwomenhavebeenworkingsidebysidewithmeninChinaandelsewhereintheworld?Liketheirmenfolks（n.(复)人们）,theyhavebeendistinguishingthemselvesnotonlyinresearchinstitutions,butingovernmentbodiesandotherorganizationsaswell.Personally,Iamfirmlystandingonthesideofthosewomen’srightsdefenders.Sincemenandwomenareplayinganequallyimportantroleinallhumanactivities,whyshouldnottheybeonanequalfooting（n.立足点,立场,关系）?Furthermore,fromtimeimmemorial(自古以来，远古以来immemorial[,imi'mɔ:riəl]a.太古的,极古的),therehavebeentwosexgroups,namely,menandwomen.OurHumansocietycoulddefinitelynothaveexistedoradvancedwithouteitherofthem.Isitwonderedthatmenandwomenoughttobeequalandenjoyequalrightsaccordingly?13.ComputerandManItisbelievedthatthecomputercandoalmosteverything.Atthetimethecomputerwasinvented,scientists,carriedawaybyitscalculatingspeed,feltthattheyhadcreatedamiracle.Itwasgraduallyusednotonlyinmathematics,physics,chemistryandastronomy,butinplaceslikethelibrary,hospitalandmilitaryarmytoreplacetheworkofman.Forthisreason,thecomputerwasentitled“ElectronicBrain”intermsofappreciation.Canmanbecontrolledbycomputers?Theanswerisnegative.Althoughacomputerworksmuchfasterandaccuratelythanman,afactisundeniable;itisdesigned,manufacturedandprogrammedbyman,andthereforebyhumanbeings.Of【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............course,sciencefictionshavemadeupmanyfascinatingstoriesaboutacomputer,orratherrobot,whoconquersmanandtheearth,eventhewholeuniverse;however,theyareonlyunrealisticimagination.Ahorsehelpsmanalotrunsmuchfasterthanwe,butitisonlyaslave.Thefutureforthecomputerisverypromising.Withthehelpofit,wecandothingsthatcouldnotbedonebefore.Conqueringtheuniverse,discoveringnewthings,explainingmysteriousphenomenapuzzlingusatpresentareallmadepossiblebycomputer.14.WhatKindofLifetoLiveRealisticorRomantic?Therehasalwaysbeenanargumentbetweentheyoungandtheoldaboutwhatkindoflifetolive-realisticorromantic.Youngpeopletendtothinkthatreallifeisasdramaticandfascinatingasitisinthenovelsandmovieswhilemoreexperiencedadultsthinkthisnaivedaydreamiscertaintobebrokenbylaterexperiencesandeveryoneshouldlearntogetusedtothedullroutineofhiseverydaylife（日常生活）.However,therearesomeinadequacies（n.不适当,不十分,不完全）intheopinionsonthepartofbothsides.Lifewillbeunimaginableifeverythingwedoisonlyforrealisticpurpose,andthesameistrueifwhatwedoeverydayisjusttoenjoyourselves.Soit’snotdifficultforustoseethatneitherwaycanensureahappylife.Inmyopinion,arealhappylifecanneverbeseparatedfromeitherofthetwoways.Ontheonehand,let’senjoylife,enjoytheexcitementofsports.Ontheotherhand,let’snotforgetourwork.Happylifecannevergowithouthardwork.15.Fast　Food【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............FastfoodisbecomingmorepopularinChina,especiallyamongchildrenandteenagers.Today,it'scertainlydifficulttothinkofanyothersinglethingthatrepresentsthefastpace（快速的步伐）of　modernsocietyaspowerfullyasfastfood.Thereareseveralreasonsforitspopularity.First,itisveryconvenientandsavesalotoftime.　Thetrendsofmodernsocietyseemtoallpointtooneultimategoal—savingtime,andfastfood　wellservesthispurpose.Youjustgointoafastfoodrestaurant,orderyourfood,andyourfoodis　readyinnotime.Youcaneithereatitthereortakeitaway.Second,itspopularityisalsoattributedtothecleanandcomfortableenvironmentoffastfoodrestaurants,theexcellentservice（优良服务）,andtheguaranteedquality（保证品质）offood.However,intermsofnutrition（从营养学角度来说）,fastfoodisfarfromsatisfactory.Itusuallydoesnotcomposeabalanceddietandislowinnutritionalvalue.Thus,doctorssuggestthatpeople,especiallychildren,eatfastfoodaslittleaspossible.Althoughcookingathomeistime-consuming（adj.耗费时间的）andthefollowingwashing-up（n.洗涤）tiresome（adj.令人厌倦的,讨厌的）,itoffershealthyanddeliciousmealsyourbodylikesandneeds.Fastfoodisonlyagoodchoicewhenyouareinahurryandturntoitonceinawhile.16.OntheAttitudetowardsFightingagainstCriminalsTodaycrimerateinourcitiesseemstoberising.Thefts,robberies,andmurdersarereportedtotakeplaceeveninthebroaddaylight（大白天）.Facingcrimetide,peoplemaytakedifferentattitudes.Somefeelfrightenedandprefertoturnablindeyetothecriminals.Othersareresolute（['rezəlju:t]adj.【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............坚决的,果断的）anddaretorunriskatthecostoftheirlivesinfightingwiththecriminals.Theytakeitastheirdutytoprotectthesociallawandorder.Asforme,Itaketheattitudeofthelatter.Toensurethesocialsecurity（n.社会保障,社会保险）andprotectpeople’ssafety,Imayhavesomesuggestionstomake.Firstofall,thegovernmentshouldalwayskeepacontinuouslaweducation（法制教育）amongthepeople,especially,intheyoungergenerations.Secondly,criminalsshouldbepunishedseverely（严惩）.Andfinally,itisimperative（n.命令,诫命,需要adj.命令式的,急需的）tosetupapublicfoundationsystemtoawardthosewhosetmerits（n.功绩）infightingcriminals.17.ParentsaretoopermissivewiththeirchildrennowadaysFewpeoplewoulddefendtheVictorian（adj.维多利亚女王时代的）attitudetochildren,butifyouwereaparentinthosedays,atleastyouknewwhereyoustood:childrenweretobeseenandnotheard.Freud（弗洛伊德(Sigmund,1856-1939,奥地利神经学家、精神病医学家、精神分析的创始人)）andcompanydidawaywith（v.除去(消除,免除,摆脱,撤消)）allthatandpatentshavebeenbewildered（adj.困惑的）eversince（adv.从那时起(自那时以来)）.Thechild’shappinessisall-important（adj.十分重要的）,thepsychologistsay,butwhatabouttheparents’happiness?Parentssufferconstantlyfromfearandguiltwhiletheirchildrengailyrompaboutpullingtheplaceapart（孩子的幸福是至关重要的，心理学家们这样说，但是，父母的幸福又如何呢?）.Agoodold-fashioned（adj.老式的）spanking（adj.疾驰的(劲吹的,第一流的)adv.显著地）isoutofthequestion:nomodernchildrearing（n.抚养孩子）manual（adj.手工的,体力的n.手册,指南）would【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............permitsuchbarbarity（n.残忍,残暴）.Thetroubleisyouarenotallowedeventoshout.Whoknowswhatdeeppsychologicalwounds（心理创伤）youmightinflict（v.施以,加害）?Thepoorchildmayneverrecoverfromthedreadful（['dredful]adj.可怕的）traumatic（[trɔ:'mætik]n.外伤药adj.外伤的,创伤的）experience（创伤经历）.Soitisthatparentsbendoverbackwardstoavoidgivingtheirchildrencomplexes（复合物）whichahundredyearsagohadn’tevenbeenheardof.Certainlyachildneedslove,andalotofit.Buttheexcessivepermissiveness（n.许可的(随意的)）ofmodernparentsissurelydoingmoreharmthangood.Psychologists（心理学家）havesucceededinundermining（n.【地质学】底切，暗掘undermine的变形undermine[,ʌndə'main]vt.1.在…下挖掘；在…下挖地道：2.削弱…的基础；逐渐损毁：3.暗中破坏；以阴险手段暗害：4.【采矿】掏槽）parents’confidenceintheirownauthority.Andithasn’ttakenchildrenlongtogetwindof（听到…风声；获悉…消息；风闻：得到…的风声；获得…的线索；风闻；察觉；嗅出）thefact.Inadditiontothegreatmodernclassiconchildcare（n.幼托）,therecountlessarticlesinmagazinesandnewspapers.Withsomuchun（[ʌn;ən]pron.[口语]人，事物，家伙；东西[亦作'un]）solicited（[sə'lisit]vt.请求，恳求；央求；乞求；申请）adviceflyingabout,mumanddadjustdon’tknowwhattodoanymore.Intheend,theydonothingatall.So,fromearlychildhood（儿童早期；早期教育）,thekidsareinchargeandparents’livesareregulatesaccordingtotheneedsoftheiroffspring（n.子孙,后代,产物）.Whenthelittledears（亲爱的小宝贝们）developintoteenagers,theytakecompletecontrol.Lax（[læks]adj.松的,松懈的,不严的；n.泻肚）authorityover（对…的权力）theyearsmakesadolescentrebellionagainstparentsallthemore（adv.更加(愈加)）violent.Ifthe【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............youngpeoplearegoingtohaveaparty,forinstance,parentsareaskedtoleavethehouse.Theirpresencemerelyspoilsthefun,whatelsecanthepoorparentsdobutobey?Childrenarehardlycreatures(farhardierthanthepsychologistswouldhaveusbelieve)andmostofthemsurvivetheharmfulinfluenceofextremepermissiveness（n.许可的(随意的)）thatisthenormalcondition（标准条件，正常情况，，正常状态）inthemodernhousehold（adj.家庭的n.家庭,户）.Butagreatmanydonot（不）.Thespreadofjuveniledelinquency（青少年犯罪）islargelyduetoparentallaxity（家庭管教不严）（laxity['læksiti]n.松驰,放纵）.Mother,believingthatlittleJohnny（n.John的昵称,男人,家伙）canlookafterhimself,isnotathomewhenhereturnsfrom（从…回来）school;solittleJohnnyroams（v.漫游,闲逛,徜徉）thestreets.Thedividingline（分界线）betweenpermissivenessandsheer（adj.绝对的,全然的,峻峭的v.躲开,躲避,使...避开adv.完全,全然,峻峭）negligenceisveryfine（很微妙的）indeed.（娇纵和放手不管之间的界线是很微妙的。）Thepsychologistshavemuchtoanswerfor（vt.对...负责(为...担保,因...受责备)）.Theyshouldkeeptheirmoths（[mɔθ]n.蠹,娥）shutandletparentsgetonwiththejob.Andifchildrenareknockedabout（粗暴地对待,到处游荡）alittlebitintheprocess,itmaynotreallymattertoomuch.（即使在这个过程中，孩子有点儿被粗暴相待，那其实也没有什么大不了）。Atleastthiswillhelpthemtodevelopvigorousviews（坚定的主张）oftheirownandgivethemsomethingpositivetoreactagainst（vt.反抗(反对)）（至少，这有助于他们培养自己坚定的主张，并给他们提供对具体事情做出反应的机会。）.Perhapsthere’ssometruthintheidea【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............thatchildrenwho’shadasurfeit（['sə:fit]n.过食v.使腻,吃过份）ofhappinessintheirchildhoodemergelikestodgy（adj.塞满的(平凡的,式样难看的)）puddings（n.布丁）andfailtomakeasuccessoflife.18.AdvertiserPerformaUsefulServicetotheCommunityAdvertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.“It’siniquitous（[i'nikwitəs]adj.不正的,不法的,邪恶的）,”theysay,“thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustry(ifwecancallitthat)shouldbeabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it’stheconsumerwhopays.”Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarkets（1.批量销售；市场推销2.(在书店、药店、超级市场、机场等出售的)最便宜的平装书）forproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposetheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc,fromanadvertisement.Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted,itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.And【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............whatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingat（vt.凝视(注视)）ablankwallorreadingrailwaybye-laws（n.地方规章）whilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlyclosely-printed（整版密密麻麻）columnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful（ACheerfulTemper好心情）,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetodrab（adj.土褐色的,单调的）walloranewspaperfullofthedailyrelationtocalamities（n.灾难,不幸事件）.Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsist（v.供给食物,活下去,生存）withoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammersisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe“smallads.”Whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine?Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justabout（差不多,几乎）anythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe“hatch（n.孵化,舱口v.孵,孵出）,match（n.比赛,火柴,对手v.使...相配,与...竞争,相配）anddispatch（v.派遣）”columns;butbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!19.OnlyStricterTrafficLawsCanPreventAccidents【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelous（adj.令人惊异的,了不起的,不平常的）age.Weareimmunizedfrom（v.对...免疫）birthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubborn（['stʌbən]adj.顽固的,倔强的）remainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads,menversus（['və:səs]adj.对抗,相对比prep.对….；与…相对）themotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblymutilated(['mju:tileit]v.切断,使残废,使不完整)eachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizable(['ʌn'rekəgnaizəbl]adj.未被承认的)whentheyarebehindasteeringwheel.Theyswear，theyareill-mannered（[il'mænəd]a.粗野的,无礼貌的）andaggressive,willful（adj.任性的,故意的,有意的）astwo-yearoldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignly([bi'nainli]adv.仁慈地,亲切地)onthemotoristandseemstocondone([kən'dəun]v.赦,宽恕赎)hisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecome【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............almostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecrated(['desikreit]v.供俗用,亵渎,污辱)byroadnetworks(公路网);andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanstatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.Ishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenseless(adj.无感觉的,无意识的，不省人事的)wasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriously(adv.臭名昭著地，众所周知地)lax(adj.松的,松懈的,不严的n.泻肚)andeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Thereareafewexamplesofsomethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmore(多得多的)difficultthanitis;alldriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso(大约);theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringent(['strindʒənt]adj.迫切的,严厉的)annualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpair([im'pɛə]v.损害[计算机]损伤)aperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydown(1.主张，断言；规定，制定2.(使)躺下；将…放下3.打赌下(赌注)付(款)4.使(土地)变为牧场；在(田里)种上(作物))safetyspecificationsformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinately(adv.无度地,非常地)harsh(adj.粗糙的,刺耳的,严厉的),butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingthe【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............annualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notmotorcars.20.PopulationControlProgressinscienceandtheimprovementoflivingconditionshaveledtotherapidgrowthofworldpopulation.Modernmedicine,forexample,hasmadeitpossibleforbabiestogrowuphealthily(adv.健康地)andforpeopletolivelonger.Withimprovedlivingconditionsparticularlyinthecountryside,peopletendtohavelargerfamilies.Asaresult,theworldpopulationhasincreasedsorapidlythatithasnowexceeded6billion.Buttheovergrowthofpopulationpresentsathreattotheexistenceoffoodsuppliesandshelterspace.However,thelimitedproductivityandscarceworldresourcescanhardlymeettheneedsoftheever-increasing(adj.不断增长的,持续增长的)population.Thus,inthelongrun（adj.从长远看来(归根到底,结局,最后,结果)）,theovergrowthoftheworldpopulationwillonlyharmmankind.Toguaranteethesteadydevelopmentofhumansociety,mankindmustrealizetheconsequencesresultingfromafastpopulationgrowthandcarryoutafamilyplanningprogram.Onlybyadoptingeffectivemeasures,canhumansocietydevelopsteadilyandhaveabrightfuture.21.Part-timeJobsforCollegeStudentsNowadays,manycollegeboysandgirlstakepart-timejobsintheirsparetime.Someareemployedbythecompaniesnearthecampus,workingasofficeclerksorcomputerprogrammers.Othershavebecomesalespersonsforthecommercialbusinesses.Foreignlanguagestudentsmayserveasinterpretersortranslatorswhereinternationalcooperationiscarriedout.Ortheymaybecometourguidesfortravel【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............agencies.Also,itisacommonpracticeforgirlstudentstobecomegovernesses(['gʌvənis]1.家庭女教师；保育员；保姆2.女统治者；女管理者，女总督；(美国)女州长3.州长夫人；总督夫人)helpingchildrenwiththeirschoolworkintheirhomes.Manypeople,includingsomeprofessorsandparents,makenosecretof(公开某事，对…不保守秘密)theirdisapprovalofthis.Ontheonehand,theyarguethatacademicpursuitisthemaintaskforcollegestudentsandthattakingpart-timejobsdistractstheirattentionandconsumesalotofenergyneeded(精力,能源需要).Ontheotherhand,professorsandparentstendtobelievethatcollegeboysandgirlsneedtofurthercultivatetheirpersonalityanddeveloptheirsenseofresponsibilitybeforetheycanbereadyforanyseriousjobs.Butinmyopinion,everycoinhastwosides.Itistruethatthestudents’majortaskistostudy.Itisalsotruethattakingpart-timejobswilltakealotoftimeandenergy.However,ifthestudentscanlearntoarrangetheirtimeproperly,theprofessorsandparentsmightaswellberelievedfrom(vt.减轻(解除))alltheirworries.Asmanystudentstakejobsrelatedtotheirfieldsofstudy,theycangainsomefirst-handexperienceinsteadofbeingdistractedfrom(vt.分散注意力)theirstudy.Moreover,treatedasfulladultsontheirpart-timejobs,theywilldeveloptheirsenseofresponsibilityverysoon.Whentheyfinallygraduate,theywillfindthemselvesinamoreagreeablesocialenvironment.22.PrivateCarsAfewyearsago,havingaprivatecarmightbeawilddreamtomanyChinesefamilies.Buttoday,youcanseethenumberof(n.数目;anumberof(许多,若干))【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............privatecarsrunningalongtheroadandstreetisincreasingrapidly.Statisticsshowthatoneineverysixfamiliesinbigcitieshasacar.Somepeoplesaythatitisgoodbecausethenumberofcarownershipsindicatesacountry’sautoindustry(汽车工业),whichinturn(依次,轮流反之，反过来)showsthecountry’sgeneraleconomicdevelopment.ThefactthatmoreandmorepeoplecanaffordacardemonstratesthatpeopleinChinaenjoyahigherstandardoflivingthantheydidbefore.Besides,aprivatecaralsoaddsanewdimensiontoafamily’swork,dailylifeandleisureactivities.Otherpeoplethinkdifferently.Theyarguethathavingprivatecarsmaynotnecessarilymeanamoreadvancedsociety.Itmaybringaboutmorestress,instead.Morecarswouldconsumemorepetroleum,producemoreairpollution,andthusaggravatethealreadyseriousenvironmentalproblems.What’smore,anotherproblemremainsyettobesolved.Roadconditionsbeingwhattheyareesp.(especially)inurbanareas,accidentsbecomeacommonoccurrence,resultinginthousandsof(数千的...许多,无数)deathsperyear.Nowondercarshavebeenconsideredasthenumberonedeadlyweapon(致命的武器)inthemodernworld.Ifindsometruthinbothoftheargumentsmentionedabove.Ifeelitapersonalchoicetobuyaprivatecar.Ifyoucanafforditandyoureallyneedittogetaround(vt.规避;说服;走动),havingacarisfine.Butremember,trytouseenvironment-friendlytypeofgasolineandtakespecialcarewhiledriving.Ifyoudon’thavemuchneedforcarsinyourworkandlife,thereisnoneedtofollowfashionorkeepupwiththeJones((在社会地位和物质生活方面)与左邻右舍攀比，互相攀比，不落后于邻居；赶时髦).Remember,whenyoucycle,youarelivinga【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............healthylifeandatthesametimecontributingtoourenvironmentprotection.23.WhatHaveWeLearnedfromSARS?Inthespringoftheyear2003,ChinahasbeenafflictedwithandsuccessfullywithstoodSARS.Theepidemicisnowebbingaway(衰退,渐逝).Butweshouldneverforgetwhatwehavegonethrough.What’smoreimportant,weshouldlearnagreatdealfromthisexperience.First,weunderstandthatinthefaceofdanger,weshouldfightbravelyinsteadofshrinkingawayfromresponsibilities.Doctorsandnurseshavesetshiningexamplesforus.Theyplungedinto(突然冲入,突然或仓促地开始某事)theirworkwithoutconsideringtheirownsafety.Second,wehaverealizedthatdiseaseswillyieldnotonlytomedicaltreatmentbutalsotopeople’swillpower(n.意志力,自制力,毅力).Wearesodeterminedinourfinalsuccessthatnothingcanstopusfrom(vt.阻止(阻拦))oureffort.SARShasnowaytogobecauseeveryoneinthecountryisguardingagainst(防止,防范)it.Third,weshouldtrytogetridofunhealthyhabits.Suchbehaviorsasspittingonthegroundandthrowingrubbisheverywherearesomethingweshouldbeashamedof.It’simportantthateveryoneinsocietydevelopagoodawarenessofpublicsanitation([sæni'teiʃən]n.环境卫生(卫生设备,下水道设备)).Weshouldkeepourlivingsurroundingscleanandhealthyjustaswedowithourownhomes.Fourth,weshouldenforcestrictlawstopunishthosewhocapture,smuggleandeatrarewildanimals.Thesepeoplenotonlyendangertheanimalworldbykillingbutalsoendangerthehumansocietybybringinginodddiseases.Mostimportantisthatweshouldhaveanefficientandeffectivesystemtodeal【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............withoutbreakofepidemics.Itisapromisingsignthatourgovernmenthasalreadycomeupwithsomelawsandregulationsinthisrespect.ThelessonfromSARSepidemichasgraduallysunkin(v.被充分理解(留下印象)).ToChina,itmeansmuchmorethanthelossofover1000preciouslives(宝贵的生命).Howwerespondtoitsendsamessagetotheworld:ChinahasbeenactivelyandeffectivelycombatingSARSandChinawillstillbeasafeplacetoliveinandanattractiveplacefortravelersandinvestors.24.Fast　FoodFastfoodisbecomingmorepopularinChina,especiallyamongchildrenandteenagers.Today,it'scertainlydifficulttothinkofanyothersinglethingthatrepresentsthefastpaceof　modernsocietyaspowerfullyasfastfood.Thereareseveralreasonsforitspopularity.First,itisveryconvenientandsavesalotoftime.　Thetrendsofmodernsocietyseemtoallpointtooneultimategoal--savingtime,andfastfood　wellservesthispurpose.Youjustgointoafastfoodrestaurant,orderyourfood,andyourfoodis　readyinnotime(立即,马上).Youcaneithereatitthereortakeitaway.Second,itspopularityisalsoattributedtothecleanandcomfortableenvironmentoffastfoodrestaurants,theexcellentservice,andtheguaranteedqualityoffood.However,intermsofnutrition,fastfoodisfarfrom(毫不,一点也不,远非)satisfactory.Itusuallydoesnotcomposeabalanceddietandislowinnutritionalvalue.Thus,doctorssuggestthatpeople,especiallychildren,eatfastfoodaslittleaspossible.Althoughcookingathomeistime-consumingandthefollowingwashing-uptiresome(['taiəsəm]adj.令人厌倦的,讨厌的),itoffershealthyanddeliciousmeals【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............yourbodylikesandneeds.Fastfoodisonlyagoodchoicewhenyouareinahurryandturntoitonceinawhile.25.MyIdeaonHowforBeijingtoPreparethe2008WorldOlympicGamesAsayoungstudent(cadre(['kɑ:də,'kædri]n.干部,骨干),engineer,technician(tek'niʃ(ə)n]n.技术员,技师)),Iamanactivecitizeningreeting(n.问候,招呼)the2008WorldOlympicGames.Asitshost,Beijingisnowbusyinpropagating(['prɔpəgeit]v.繁殖,传播,传送)foritsadvent.SinceitisthefirsttimeforBeijingtohostsuchaworldgathering,wearenaturallyshortofexperience.Andsinceitinvolvessomanyaspects,thewholenationshouldbemobilizedtoparticipateinactively.Infacingthetask,Ihavegotsomesuggestionsforitssuccess:1.Tours(n.旅游,观光旅行,任期v.旅行,周游)shouldbeorganizedtogoover(复习)theplacessuchgameshavebeenheldbeforetolearntheirpositiveexperience;2.Architecturalqualitiesandfinancialcontributionsshouldbestressedtopromoteitssuccess;3.Carefulcalculationsofcostsandexpenditureshavetobedonesoastoavoidwaste.ThoughIamjustasmallpotato,Iwishmysuggestionswouldwinsomeattentionfromtheauthorities(n.pl.当局,官方)concerned.26.UniversityTuitionSysteminChinaTuitionsystemhasbecomeoneofthehottesttopicsinChinasinceitwasputintoeffect.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit.Somepeoplethinkthatthereisnouniversityintheworldwhichisopentostudentswithouttuition.AsfarasChinaisconcerned,itisadevelopingcountrywith【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............thelargestpopulationintheworld.Thegovernmentisunabletoallocateenoughfundstopayforvariousteachingfacilitiesandmanydifferentkindsofexpenses.Oneofthewaystorelievetheproblemisforstudentstopaytuition.Themoneyraisedinthiswaycanbeusedtoimprovetheconditionsforrunningschools.Others,however,areopposedtothetuitionsystem.TheyarguethatthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeople,especiallyofthoseinthepoorruralareas,isstilllow,comparedwiththatintheWesternWorld.Theuniversitytuitionwillcertainlyaddtothealreadyheavyburdenoftheparents,wholiveontheirsalariesorwages.Moreover,tuitionmaybecomeanobstacletothedevelopmentofChina'shighereducation.Thisisbecauseithinderssometalentedpeoplefromenteringtheuniversityjustonaccountoftheirpoverty.27.WhatWouldHappenifNoAttentionPaidtotheEnvironmentalProtection?Withthedevelopmentofoursociety,peoplewantmoreconvenienceandcomfort.SomeEuropeancountriessuchasSwitzerland（['switsələnd]n.瑞士）andSweden（['swi:dn]n.瑞典）canbetakenasgoodexamples.However,ourenvironmenthasbeenseriouslypolluted.Manyfactoriesorfarmlandsnotonlypollutedthemselvesbutalsobringaboutpollutiontothewholesociety.Sewagewater（污水）,poisonousgasesandwastemineralmaterialarenowdestroyingourenvironment.Facingthesituation,Ithink,wemustbeawareofthelong-lastingconsequencesofouractions.Strictlawsmustbeimposedtopunishthosewhopollutetheenvironment.Whatismoreimportantisforeverybodytorealizethatonlywhenwe【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............haveacleanenvironmentcanwedevelopoureconomyinahealthyandsustainablemannerforthefuturegenerations.28.WomenShouldbeLettoPlayaMoreImportantRoleinOurStateAffairsWomen'ssocialstatushasgreatlychangedsinceliberation.Inspiteofthis,therestillexistsinequalitybetweenmenandwomeninmanyways.Forexample,wehavemanymoremenleadersinourgovernmentorgans,factoriesandschools.Norealequalitycanalsobeseeninthefamily.Itisstilloftenheard,"afterall,womenarewomen,andtheyarenotcomparabletomen".Towinrealequality,weshoulddoatleastthefollowing:First,letallgirlsgotoschoolandreceiveregulareducation.Second,equalpayforequalworkmustbemadealawandprincipletoobey.Third,up-bringingchildrenshouldberegardedasacontributiontothewholesociety.Lastofallwomenscholarsandpoliticalleadersshouldbelettoplaymoredecisiveroles.29.TheRoleofMigrantWorkersMigrantworkers(外出打工人员)havemadeagreatcontributiontotheprosperityofcities.Theyleavetheirhomelandforbetterchances.Somewanttochangetheirdestiny,somewanttomakeafortune.Whateverthepurposestheycherishedwhenmillionsofthemstreamedintobigcities,theyhavepromotedthedevelopmentofcities.Mostofthemigrantworkersarehardworkingandunafraidofhardships.Theytakeup(vi.拿起(开始,从事,吸取,接纳))thedirtiest,themoststrenuous(['strenjuəs]adj.艰苦的，繁重的;紧张的,费力的;强烈的;精力充沛的;奋发努力的)ordangerous【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............jobswhichcitylaborersareunwillingtodo.Withlotsofbuildingtheyhavesetupandstreetstheyhavekeptclean,theyhavehelpedmodernize(['mɔdə(:)naiz]v.现代化,近代化)andbeautifycities.Notonlyhavetheybecomethemainworkforceintheconstructionsector(n.扇形,扇区n.部门,区域),theyalsohavehelpedliberatecitywomenfromheavyhouseworkchores([tʃɔ:]n.1.(家庭或农庄的)杂务，杂活;2.日常零星工作[常用复数];3.困难的工作；令人厌烦的工作)bytakingcareofthebabies,cleaninghousesorprovidinganyotherservicescitizensneed.Althoughsomeofthecitizenscomplainabouttheincreasingnumberoftheproblemssuchastheft,robberyafewofmigrantworkershavecommitted,mostofthecitizensagreethattheircontributionisobvious,andwithbettermanagement,theirroleintheconstructionofcitieswilldefinitelybegreater.30.TheEffectofDecodingtheHumanBodyTheHumanGenomeProject(人类基因组计划)willrevolutionizethedetection,preventionandtreatmentofconditionsofcertaindiseases.Geneshelpearlydetectionofdiseasesandfixhealthproblems,notjusttopredictthem.Geneticmedicineswillbeaimedatthecausesofdiseaseratherthanthesymptoms(['simptəm]n.征候，征兆)anddoctorswillstartprescribingdifferenttreatmentsfordifferentpatients,dependingontheirgeneticprofiles.Manypotentialdiseaseswillbecuredbeforetheyarise.Butdecodingthebookoflife(解读生命之书)posesmoraldilemmas.Itthreatenstoundermineprivacyandbringongeneticdiscriminationinmarriage,insuranceandemployment.Withknowledgeofourgeneticcode,thosewhohavegotcertainundesirablegenesmaybediscriminatedwhenchoosingtheirspouses([spauz]n.配偶【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............vt.和...结婚).Ifgenetictestspredictmentaldullness(['dʌlnis]n.迟钝),shortstature(['stætʃə]n.身材,身高)orotherundesirabletraitsbeforebabiesareborn,thesocietymaylookdownuponchildrenwhoseparentsletthembeborn,thesocietymaylookdownuponchildrenwhoseparentsletthembebornwiththosetraits.Employersmaytakeyourgeneticprofilebeforetheyofferyouajob.Inmyopinion,thecompletionoftheHumanGenomeProjectisagreatbreakthroughinhumanhistory.Itwillchangethewayweliveandeventhewaywethinkaboutwhowearetopreventgeneticdiscrimination,ininsuranceandinemploymentbasedongenetictests.31.TheOrientationofChina'sCross-CenturyEconomicReformTheeconomicreforminthepast20yearshasbroughtustremendouschangesineveryway(pron.在各方面(在一切方面)).ChinaranksNo9thaccordingtoitsGNP(国民生产总值)intheworld.Nevertheless,wearestillfacingseriouschallenges.Atoolargepopulationandlowereducationallevelstillpreventusfrommoresuccessfuldevelopment.So,weshouldaskourselveswhatweshoulddotopromoteourreformmorefruitfully(['fru:tfuli]adv.产量多地,肥沃地).Tothisproblem,myansweristostrengthenthereformofoureducationandeconomicmanagementtoimprovethequalitiesofouryoungpeopleandourmaterialproductsafterjoiningWTO.Atthesametimewehavetoestablishbetterlawsoflaborordistributionsystemstoarousepeople'sworkingenthusiasm.32.TheInformationAgeandtheBestWaytoUseInformationItisoftensaidthatoursistheinformationage.Computersareplayingamore【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............andmoreimportantroleinmodernsociety.Theyarealreadywidelyusedinindustryandinuniversitiestodoextremelycomp1icatedworkinallbranchesoflearning.Theycansolvethemostcomplexmathematical([亦作mathematic]adj.1.数学的；数学上的2.精确的，确定无疑的3.可能性极小的)problemsorputthousandsofunrelatedfactsinorder.Theyplayakeyroleinautomation.Besides,theyhavefoundapplicationsinbusiness,transportation,educationandotherfields.Computershavebroughtimportantsocialconsequences.Computersarealsoenteringordinaryfamilies.Ascomputersarebeingmadesmall,cheap,andatthesametimeeasytouse,morepeoplebuycomputersfortheirhomes.Weusecomputerstocontroltheworkofwashingmachines,TVsets,electricalcookersandotherelectricalappliances.Weusecomputerstoprocessandstore([[stɔ:,stɔə]n.商店,贮藏,仓库v.储存,贮藏,供给)allkindsofinformation.Wealsousecomputerstoentertainourselvesbyplayinggamesonthem.Thereisnolimittotheapplicationofcomputersinourlives.Despitealltheadvantagesofcomputerscannevertaketheplaceofhumanbrains.Althoughcomputersworkmuchfasterandmuchmoreaccuratelythanhumanbeings,theycannot“think".Theyneeddetailedinstructionsfromhumanbeingsinordertobeab1etooperate.Theycanneverleadindependentlives,or“ruletheworld”(统治世界)bymakingdecisionsoftheirown.Nomatterhowcapabletheyare,theyareourservants,notourmasters.33.WhyGovernmentalWorkersalsoHavetoGoAbroad?Moreandmorepeoplewanttogoabroadforacademicadvancementorbusinessexchanges.Sodothegovernmentleadersandmiddle-levelgovernmentalworkerstoimprovetheirpublicservices.【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............Somepeople,however,keepacriticaleyeinthisproblem,sayingthisis"akindofmakingatouronpublicmoney".Otherssayitisakindofextrapayfortheirover-service.Idon'tagreewiththembecausetheyfailtoseetheimportancetobeopenandprogressiveinrunninggovernmentalaffairsbyexchangingandlearningexperiencefromtheoutsideworld."Seeingisbelieving"canbeveryusefulforthegovernmentalworkerstoimprovetheirownwork.Andinmanycases,itcanevenbringaboutamajorchangeintheirworkingstyle.34.TheProbleminUsingWaterWaterisindispensableto(对...必不可少,对...必需)life.Itisusedfordrinkingandwashingeveryday.Wealsoneedwateringreatquantityinindustryandagriculture.However,noteveryoneisawareoftheimportanceofwater.Theytendtothinksincethereisplentyofwater,itdoesnotmatterifwewastealittleofit.Theydon’tknowortheydon’twanttoknowthatwatershortagehasbecomemoreandmoreandseriousinmanycities,eveninBeijing.Ifblindconsumptionofwaterisallowedtocontinue,theproblemwillbecomeworseandworse.Inordertocopewiththeshortageofwater,thegovernmenthastotakemoreeffectivemeasures.Ontheonehand,finesaretobeimposedonthosefactoriesunitsthatusewaterlavishly(['læviʃli]adv.浪费地,丰富地adv.lavish的变形lavish['læviʃ]adj.1.过分慷慨的，大手大脚的，不吝惜的，浪费的，挥霍的2.充裕的，过多的，异常丰富的vt.滥花，滥用；挥霍，浪费；过分慷慨地给予).Ontheotherhand,thegovernmentshouldcarryonintensiveeducationamongthepeople.Forusourselves,weshouldeconomizeonwater(节约用水)conscientiously(adv.良心上).【精品资料】第37页 ...............精品资料...............35.ComparewiththedomestichenandtheduckThedomestichenandtheduckbothbelongtothebirdcategory.Theyhavesomefeaturesincommonsuchaswings,feet,beak,flight,nest,migration,foodandeggs.Thedomestichenhasshortwingswhichitrarelyusesbecauseithasaheavybodyandlivesontheground.Itisclumsy(['klʌmzi]adj.笨拙的)inflightandcancoveronlyshortdistances.Itsfeetaredesignedforscratchingthegroundtofindseedsandworms.Itwillalsoeatalmostanyotherkindoffood.Hensnestontheground.Theyhavebeenbredforeggproductionandcanlayup(1.储蓄；贮存:2.使生病；(因病等)卧床不起；3.使(车、船等)闲置不用：4.招致(麻烦、坏事等)：)to300eggsayear.Aduckhaswebbed([webd]adj.有蹼的)feetsothatitcanswimeasilyandwalkonsoftground.Ithasalong,flatbeakwhichitusestosearchforfoodinriverandpondmud.Ithaspowerfulwingswhichenableittoflylongdistances.Itnestsingrassatwater’sedge.Ducksmigratelongdistances.Aducklays5to12eggsatatimeandmaylaytwiceayear.Inconclusion,althoughtherearesomethingdifferentamongthesetwobirds,thebasicfeaturesarequitesimilar.【精品资料】第37页