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北京市西城区2022—2023学年度高三第一学期期末试卷英语试卷本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.Sowhenshewasaskedtofeedcarrotstothereddish-brownhorsenamedCharlieonasummerSaturday,sheapproached1,unsureofherselfattimes,turningaroundtoagroupofchildrenwaitingfortheirturntofeedhim.Oliviaeventuallymadeittothehorse’smouthandCharlielicked(舔)herhandsasshe2himhisfavoritetreat.Oliviawasamused.“That’swhatIcalla(an)3,”saidSabrina,asocialworkerwhohasteamedupwiththecommunityorganizationAlkebu-lanVillagetohelpchildrenovercometheirproblemsandkeepthemonpathsto4.“I’mexcited,”Oliviasaidsmiling.“Ilovepettinghim.”Theprogram“StopHorsingAround”atAlkebu-lanVillagewaslaunchedthissummerwithoveradozenkidssigningup.Theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses5eventuallytheygotachancetoridethem.By6theprogram’shorseswithSabrina’shelpandforming7withthem,childrenbecomemoreself-awareandthenbegintorecognizeandfacenegativefeelingsandbehaviors,whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothersandleadtosignificantpositivechangestotheir8skills,self-worthandbehaviorissues.SabrinafirsttaughtthechildrenthatCharlieneededtobecome9withthembysmellingtheirhands.OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.Their10consistentlyturnedintosmiles,laughterandexcitement.1.A.happilyB.calmlyC.slowlyD.directly
11.A.fedB.leftC.madeD.threw2.A.awardB.exchangeC.negotiationD.breakthrough3.A.fameB.successC.responsibilityD.freedom4.A.beforeB.afterC.asD.though北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第1页（共12页）
21.A.takingoverB.walkingwithC.caringforD.respondingto2.A.routinesB.bondsC.judgementsD.ideas3.A.technicalB.survivalC.organizationalD.social4.A.popularB.familiarC.satisfiedD.patient5.A.resistanceB.disappointmentC.misunderstandingD.hesitation第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，全科免费下载公众号《高中僧课堂》根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AGratitudeismorethanjustsaying“thankyou”.Gratitudeisadeeperappreciationforsomeoneorsomething.Expressinggratitudemakesusfeelapositiveemotion.Overthepastthirtyyears,there11(be)manystudiesshowingthatwritingagratitudelettertoanotherpersonoffersusanopportunity12(escape)fromnegativeemotions.Evenifwedon’tshareourwritingwithanyone,theactofcompletingtheexercisealonemakesushappierand13(satisfied)withlife.Themoreweexpressgratitude,themorepositivewefeel.BWhenIwasinSingaporesixyearsago,Igaveataxidriveracard14aspecificaddressonitandaskedhimtotakemethereasquicklyaspossible.Whenwehadalmostreachedthedestination,hecircledaroundtheblock.Hismeterread$11,buthetookonly$10.Heexplainedthathewasn’tsofamiliarwiththisarea.Beforegettingoutofthetaxi,I15(tell)thattheridewiththetaxidriverisalwaysanimportantexperience16createsthefirstimpressionaboutthiscountryforaperson.CWhenwereyouborn?Formostpeople,thisisaneasyquestion.Eventhosewhodon’tknowtheirexactbirthdaycanusuallyfigureoutwhentheywereborntowithinafewyears.YettheInternetisfullofquizzes17(make)tohelpyoudetermineinwhichdecadeyouwereborn.Theseareusuallybasedonwhat18(happen)inAmericanpopcultureatthetimeyoufirstbecameawareofit.Itsoundsfoolish.Butmanypeople,though19(complain)aboutthestupidquizzes,stilltakethem,wondering20theiranswersgeneratetheircorrectbirthyear.北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第2页（共12页）
3第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第3页（共12页）
421.ThecollectionsoftheSouthwestMuseumfocuson_______.A.lifestylesofAmericanresidentsB.nativeculturesoftheAmericasC.diversityofAmericanfestivalsD.developmentofAmericanarts22.WhatcanavisitordoattheSouthwestMuseum?A.Interviewnotedartists.B.Trypaintingearthenware.C.Appreciatetravelingexhibitions.D.SurveymodernAmericanfolkart.23.Whichbenefitcanamuseummemberenjoy?A.Freeclassesandprograms.B.A10%discountonkachinadolls.C.Theprioritytoreserveguidedtours.D.Therighttoinvitefriendstoexhibitionopenings.BAfewdaysago,myhusband,Russ,andIlostourhouseof28yearstoaCaliforniawildfire.Onthatnight,wehadtoleaveourhouseandsleepinthebackseatofourFord.Thenextmorning,wehadtodrivethreeandahalfhourstofindahotelthathadanavailableroom.Onlylater,inthelocalnewspaper,didweseephotographsofthedestruction.Ourhousehadbeenconsumedbythefirealongwithmostofourneighborhood.Howarewegoingtorebuildafterthis?Ithought,roundingacornerinthesidewalkonmywalkbacktothehotel.Isitevenpossible?Inoticedsomethingupahead—apairofnickels,shininglikepreciousjewels.Theywerejustnickels,buttheysomehowfeltspecial.Ibentdownandpickedthemup.Ifthesewereluckycoins,IcouldusealltheluckIcouldget.nickelAfewdayslater,Imadeatriptothestoretobuyessentials.Theenormoustaskofreplacingeverythingwe’dlostputaheavyweightonme.IwasabouttoleavewhenIfelttheurgetostopandturnmyheadtotheright.Icouldhardlybelieveit—thereon北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第4页（共12页）
5ashelf,wasanickel!Okay,maybethisismorethanluck,Ithoughtandputthenickelinmypocket.ItoldmyselfthatIhadfoundthenickelsjustbychance.ThenIfoundonenexttomyplateatarestaurant—onThanksgiving,noless,whenIwasmissingourhousemorethanever.Itseemedthatanickelappearedwhenevermyspiritsplummeted.WheneverIreachedmybreakingpoint,I’dfindanothernickel.Inthegrassatthepark,ornearthetireofmycarinaparkinglot.Once,mychangeforaquicklunchwasgivenentirelyinnickels.“I’msorry,”thecashiersaid.“It’sallwehave.”It’sallIneeded!Oneday,Iwassittingatthedeskwhenmyphonerang.Itwasareal-estateagentI’dbeenworkingwith.“Ihaveanewlisting,”shesaid.“Whencanweseeit?”Afewhourslater,RussandIwerefollowingtheagentdownthedrivewaytowardthehouse.Ididn’tthinklong.Becausethere,inthedriveway,…21.Afterthewildfire,thecouple________.A.livedintheircarforonenightB.tooksomephotosofthedestructionC.couldhardlyaffordtheirThanksgivingdinnerD.savedpreciousitemsfromtheburneddownhouse22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeted”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Remained.B.Changed.C.Strengthened.D.Sank.23.Whatdidthefoundnickelsmeantotheauthor?A.Luckfortheforeseeablefuture.B.Hopeduringchallengingtimes.C.Signsofahugefortunetocome.D.Remindersofwhathadhappened.24.Whichwouldbethebestendingforthepassage?A.Ispottedaflashofsilverinthesun,twonickels,bothheadsup.B.Ifoundanoldnickel,whichseemedtotellastoryfromthepast.C.Isawamysteriouslockedbox,andthoughtperhapsitwasfullofnickels.D.Ilookedupandimaginedsomethingonacloud,agiantnickel,justforme.北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第5页（共12页）
6COfthemorethan3,000speciesofmosquitoesintheworld,justasmallnumberspecializeinsuckinghumanblood.Howmosquitoestrackusdownsoeffectivelyisn’tcurrentlyknown,butitmatters,sincetheycarrydangerousdiseaseswhichmaycausedeath.“Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.Mosquitoesmostlychoosewhattobitebasedonodor(气味).Knowinghowapotentiallydisease-carryingmosquitofindsaperson,whileignoringotherwarm-bloodedanimals,isakeyquestion.Butit’snoteasytoanswer,sinceanyanimalsmellismadeupofhundredsofchemicalsmixedtogetherinspecificpercentage.“Theactualchemicalsthatarefoundinhumanodorarebasicallythesameasthechemicalsfoundinanimalodor—it’sthepercentagesandtherelativelargeamountofthosesubstancesinhumanmixturesthat’sunique,”saidGauff.Toinvestigate,researchersdecidedtorecordneuralactivityinthebrainofmosquitoeswhileexposingthemtonaturalhumanandanimalodorsamples.Theycollectedodorsamplesfromabout40differentanimals.Whentheycomparedsomeofthosewiththe16humansamples,somethingjumpedout.Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.Understandingwhatthemosquitoesaretargetingisonlypartofthestory;knowinghowtheydoitisalsoimportant.Toseeexactlyhowmosquitoesusethissense,scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(转基因的)mosquitoessothattheycouldcutopenmosquitoes’headsandwatchneuronsfiringwhenthey’reexposedtohumanandanimalodors.Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,they北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第6页（共12页）
7thoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.Howtokeepmosquitoes’decanalsignalfrombeingtransmittedwillbetheresearchteam’snextfocus.Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.21.What’sthefinalpurposeoftheresearchconductedbyGauff’steam?A.Tostudywhyonlycertainmosquitoessuckhumanblood.B.Toinvestigatetheneuralactivityinmosquitoes’brains.C.Tohelppreventdeadlydiseasescausedbymosquitoes.D.Totesttheeffectivenessofmosquitokillers.22.Towhichsubstance(s)wouldmosquitoesmostlybeattracted?A.Naturaloilfromhumanskin.B.Chemicalsintheenvironment.C.Decanalgeneratedinhumanblood.D.Remainsofdecomposedsapienicacid.23.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mostmosquitoneuronsarenotinvolvedinrespondingtohumanodor.B.Geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarenotsensitivetohumanodor.C.Furtherresearchwillfocusonodorsignalandneuralconnection.D.Chemicalsfoundinhumanandanimalodorsarequitedifferent.DThestart-upthatattractedthelargestinvestmentinthehistoryofcybersecurity,ofmorethanhalfabilliondollars,hasasimplegoal:apasswordlessfuture.Despitethespreadofpasswordmanagementsoftwarethatcangenerateandremembercomplicatedstringsofrandomcharacters,someofthemostcommonpasswordsarestill“12345”,“password”and“iloveyou”.Asaresult,morethan80北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第7页（共12页）
8percentofhacksinvolvethesekindsofpasswords;andpasswordsremainthemostsought-afterdatabyhackers,aboveotherpersonalorsensitiveinformation.Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.Sincetheneedtoreplacetheeasilyforgottenandhighlyhackablestringsoflettersandnumbersthatweusetoaccesseverydaylifehasbecomeevenmoreurgent,theracetoreplacethepasswordisunderway,withbiometric-based(基于生物识别的)securityemergingasoneofthemostsought-aftersolutions.AccordingtoTieo,aunionofmorethan250companies,whichpromotesastandardsystemofpasswordlessauthentication(身份验证),thevastmajorityofconsumerserviceswillofferpasswordlessloginsystemsinthenextcoupleofyears.“Ifdonecorrectlyandsafely,biometricsarereallyhelpingusmovetoapasswordlessfutureinarapidmanner,”saidAndrewJenkinson,CEOofTieo.Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselyguardedforprivacypurposesandtopreventspoofing—hackerstryingtotrickcamerasorsensorswithphotos,ormasksoftheirvictim.“Biometricauthenticationandpasswordlessauthenticationhasitsownattacksurface,”saidPaulSmith,directorofsecurityresearchatCyberPek.Histeamrevealedthatithadfoundadesignproblemwhichwouldallowpotentialattackerstobypassfacialrecognitionloginbyinjectingaspoofedphotoofauser’sfaceintotheprocess.Thebiggestobstaclestandinginthewayofthestart-upshopingtokillthepasswordishowtochangeyearsofhabit.EricBrown,founderofTAKCyber,acyberresearchandadvisorycompany,arguedthatwhilesensitiveapplicationsmayrapidlyshiftfrompasswords,otherwebsiteshavelessmotivationtoupdatetheirsystems.“You’llnevergetridofthem,”hesaid.“We’renevergoingtogettothepost-passwordera.”北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第8页（共12页）
921.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whypasswordsarethemostsought-afterdata.B.Howpasswordsarestolenbyphishingemails.C.Howpasswordshavecausedustrouble.D.Whypasswordsaredifficulttosecure.22.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Facialrecognitionloginisthekeytofightinghackers.B.Biometricauthenticationhasitsownsetofproblems.C.TAKCyber’sloginsystemguaranteesthesafetyofdata.D.Spoofingbringsmoreproblemsthanautomatedprograms.23.WhatisEricBrown’sattitudetowardsapasswordlessfuture?A.Indifferent.B.Passionate.C.Pessimistic.D.Objective.24.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Biometricauthentication:passwordsecuritysolution!B.Start-upsracetowelcomeapasswordlessfutureC.TheargumenttoendpasswordshasbegunD.Killingthepassword:acureorafantasy?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThePositiveEffectsofaPositiveAffectParentsoftenhavehighhopesforhowtheirchildrenwillturnoutinadulthood,suchaswantingthemtobehealthy,tofeelsatisfiedwiththeircareer,andtohavestrongfriendships.35Recentresearchsuggeststhatateen’saffect—especiallypositiveaffect—isonecriticalfactor.Whatexactlyisaffect?Affectisthetendencytoexpresspositiveornegativeemotions,whichinturninfluenceshowweexperiencethingsanddeterminewhethertojudgeagivensituationaspositiveornegative.36Moreover,researchsuggeststhataperson’saffectisrelativelystableovertime,especiallybythetimeonereachesadulthood.北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第9页（共12页）
10Affectistypicallydescribedintermsofbeingeitherpositiveornegative,anditseemsthatpositiveaffect,inparticular,isrelatedtoanumberofbeneficialoutcomesinadulthood.Insupportofthiscrucialrolethatpositiveaffecthasindevelopment,astudybyresearchersattheUniversityofVirginiafollowedteenagersandyoungadultsfromages14to25,allowingthemtounderstandthepredictivepowerofpositiveaffectacrossthecriticaldevelopmentalperiodfromadolescencetoyoungadulthood.37Forexample,teenswithahigherpositiveaffectreportedhadastronger,healthierattachmenttotheirfriends.38Positiveaffectalsopredictedincreasedself-worthandjobcompetence,suggestingthat,overall,positiveaffectseemstobeakeypredictorofyoungadultsuccessacrossseveralimportantareasoffunctioning.Butwhatabouttheeffectsofnegativeaffect?Theresearchersalsoexaminedwhethernegativeaffectwouldpredictproblemsinyoungadulthood.39Thus,theimportanttakeawayisthatadolescentpositiveaffectmayhavepowerfullinkstoimportantlifeoutcomesinthedomainsofpersonalwell-being,career,andsocialrelationshipsuptoadecadelater.A.Affectiveresponsestoeventstypicallyhappenautomatically.B.Sohowcanparentshelptheirchildrengraspthemeaningofpositiveaffect?C.Butwhatfactorshelpproducetheseoutcomesasteensmovefromadolescencetoadulthood?D.Interestingly,theresultssuggestedthatpositiveaffectmaygobeyondhelpingteensbuildpositiverelationships.E.Theresultsuncoveredthatnegativeaffectmightaccountformanylifeproblemswhenateenagerbecameayoungadult.F.Unlikepositiveaffect,havinggreaternegativeaffectdidnothaveanysignificantassociationswithanyofthelaterlifeoutcomes.G.Thisstudyfoundthatpositiveaffectwasstronglypredictiveoflifeoutcomesinyoungadulthood,suchasdevelopingbetterfriendships.北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第10页（共12页）
11第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分,共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。TheotherdayIwashavingcoffeeandcatchingupwithBrian,afriendIhadn’tseeninoverayear,whenheaskedmethisquestion:“DoyouregretleavingGoogle?”“Ofcourse,Idon’tregretit,”Ianswered.ButwhenIreflectedmoredeeplyonhisquestion,Iarrivedatthisrealization:Wecannotregretsomethingthathastaughtusvaluablelessonsinlife.Truthis,noteverydecisionwemakewillbetherightchoiceforus.Ilearnedlaterthatquittingmyoneandonlysourceofincometostartane-commercebusinessfromnothingwasarecipeforfinancialdisaster.No,thatdecisionwasnottherightoneatthetime.PerhapsIshould’vefollowedtheadviceIgivetoday:Buildyourbusinesswhileworkingafull-timejobsothatyoucanworkfromaplaceofstability.Butthenagain,Iwouldn’thavelearnedsuchavaluablelessonhadInotacteduponwhatwastrulyimportanttomeatthetime—thefreedomofpursuingmyowndream,onmyownterms.Weregretwhat’sinthepastandcan’tbechanged.Wecomparethechoiceswemadeyesterdaytoanidealpaththatwethinkweshouldhavetaken—wesimplyimagineittobeabetterpath.Whatisworseiswhenstuckinregret,weloseourcontroloverwhatmattersmost:Whatwedowithourtime,today.There’samuchbetterwaytolookatregret—amoremindfulway—anditcanbeseenataplacewhereaction,reflection,andgratitudemeet.Sowheneveryoufindyourselfcaughtinregret,stopandaskyourselfthesetwoquestions:“WhathaveIlearnedfromthis?AndhowhaveIgrownbecauseofit?”Perhapsyoumightjustshiftyourviewpointfromthatofbeingupsetandregretfultobeingappreciativeandgrateful.40.WhatdidBrian’squestionmakethewriterrealize?41.Listthetwowordstheauthorusestodescribetheviewpointpeopleshouldtakewhenfacingregret.北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第11页（共12页）
1240.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.ØWhenpeoplegetstuckinregret,whatmakesthesituationworseisthatpastchoicescan’tbechanged.41.Whathasbeenyourbiggestregretduringyourhighschoollife?Whathaveyoulearnedfromthis?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校正在为高三毕业典礼征集活动方案。你有意参加，并对活动设计形成了一些想法。请你给英国好友Jim写一封邮件询问他的建议。内容包括：1.介绍设计想法；2.说明设计理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第12页（共12页）
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