density density density - urban design london：密度密度密度-城市设计的伦敦

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1、BUDGEUP!IntensifyingSocialHousingEstatesManysocialhousingestateswouldappearatfirstsighttohavescopeforfittinginafewextrahomes.IntheCityofWestminster,andsomeotherareasofcentralLondonthismaybeduetohistoricreasonssuchaswartimebombdamage.Peabody’sPimlicoEstateisanexampleofthis.(SLIDEPIMLICO)Butofteniti

2、sduetoachangingattitudetodensity,andamoveawayfromthemodernistidealswhichgaverisetoclassicpostwarestatessuchasChurchillGardensbytheThameswhicharecharacterisedbybigbuildingsingenerousgreenspaces.(SLIDECHURCHILLGARDENS)OvertheyearsIhavebecomeincreasinglyconvincedthatdensityisapoortooltoevaluatetheacc

3、eptabilityofproposednewdevelopments.Thefundamentalproblemswiththeconceptofdensityarethatitis:-17-unrelatedtoactualoccupationlevels.-unresponsivetodifferencesinthesocialstatusofoccupants-unsympathetictothescaleandformofadjacentbuildings-doesnotreflectfloorareabutrathernumbersofroomsorhomes-mostimpo

4、rtantly,ittakesnoaccountofthescaleofthescheme,andbignessistherealissue.AliceColemanin1990carriedourresearchintowhetherdifferentdesigntypologieshadaneffectonwhatshetermed“socialmalaise”.(SLIDELISSONGROVE)Sheconcludedthatwhenvariablessuchaspovertyandunemploymentwereremovedthereremainedadirectlink,of

5、whichthemostimportantfeatureswerebuildingsize,thenumberofdwellingssharinganentrance,thenumberofstoriesinablock,overheadwalkways,confusedpublicspaceandnumberofblockspersite.(SLIDEEDEN17HOUSE)Soundslikefamiliarstuff.Justinstinctivecommonsensereally.Yetwearedealingwiththeheartofagreatmetropolis,sosem

6、idetachedvillasarenotanoption.But“bigness”asItermitissomethingweshouldingeneraltrytoavoid.Itisnotthesameas“grandness”inurbandesign,asinBelgraveSquare,AdmiraltyArchorIwouldsuggestatChurchillGardensontheThames.Overthepastfiftyyearswehavegatheredaneverincreasingnumberofnewdevelopmentswhichtoweroverth

7、egeneralityofLondonwhichisessentiallyacityofterracesaccesseddirectlyfromthepavement,surroundedbysuburbsofsemidetachedanddetachedhouseswithfrontandbackgardens.(SLIDEOFPIMLICOTERRACE)Someofthoseareasofterracesareve