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1、[同义、近义词、词组]难点分析同义、近义词、词组范围很广,涉及到各种词类,我们在以上有关章节中已谈到这方面的内容,这里我们仅举数例同义、近义词、词组的辨析。1.likely,probable,possible1)likely意为"很可能的";probable一般指有"较大的可能";possible仅指"有可能",不管可能性大小。例如:Hiselectionispossible,butnotprobable.(他有可能当选,但是可能性不大。)Thepoliceconcludedthattheprobable(notpossi-bl
2、e)causeofthefirehadbeenacigarettebutt.(警察得出结论,火灾很可能是由烟蒂引起的。)Sheislikelytosucceed.(她很可能成功。)2)likely之后常跟不定式,也可接从句,而probable之后通常接从句,不跟不定式。possible作表语时,主语用it,或something,一般不用人作主语。例如:Heislikelytocome.Itislikelythathewillcome.ItispossiblethatImightbeofsomeuseinthatpartofthe
3、work.注意以下句型:Itislikely/probable+thatclausesb./sth.+be+likely+不定式3)likely,probably,possibly作副词时,含义和用法略有不同,likely多和most或very连用;probably=mostlikely,意为"很可能"。Hemaypossiblysucceed.(他或许会成功。)含有"不会成功"的意味较多。2.lost,missing,gone1)lost用于修饰物时是"丢失了的"之意。例如:alostpen,one'slostyouth;用于
4、修饰人时是"迷途的"之意。例如:alostchild2)missing有"失踪的,行踪不明的"之意,因此,"小孩失踪"应用missing。修饰物时,意为"缺少的,不在的"。例如:Thereisapagemissingfromthisbook.3)gone意为"离开的"。例如:Heisgone.也可作"丧失的,用光的"解。例如:Hishairwasnearlyallgone.Allhismoneyisgone.3.illness,sickness,disease1)illness指患病的状态。例如:Shediedafteralon
5、gillness.2)disease指具体的某一疾病。例如:Manydiseasesarecausedbybacteria.Theyweremorelikelytodiefromchildhooddiseases.3)sickness通常指"身体不适",或者"呕吐、恶心"等。例如:Doesthedoctorknowwhathissicknessis.Hefeltawaveofsicknesscomeoverhim.4.calm,quiet,silent,still1)calm指天气、海洋等时,表示一种无风无浪的"平静";指人时,
6、表示镇静平和的心情。例如:Heremainedcalm.Afterthestormtheseawascalmagain.2)quiet指没有动静,没有噪音,尤指没有骚动的安宁状态。例如:Everythingwasquiet.Keepquiet.3)silent用于事物时,侧重没有声响;用于指人时,强调少言寡语。例如:That'sasilentfilm.Whydoyoukeepsilent.4)still侧重于"不动"、"静止"时,与calm,quiet,silent不能替换;侧重于"无声"时,可与quiet替换。例如:Pleas
7、ekeepstillwhileItakeaphotoofyou.Howstill(quiet)everythingis!5.pleased,pleasant,pleasing,pleasure1)pleased指外物作用于感官,使人感到"高兴、满意、喜欢",常见的结构为:bepleased+不定式或从句,bepleasedwith,bepleasedat(about)。例如:I'mverypleasedwiththeperformance.We'repleasedabout(at)yoursuccess.I'mquiteplea
8、sedthatshehasgotsuchagoodchance.2)pleasant意为"令人愉快的,舒畅的,非常好的,讨人喜欢的,风趣的"。例如:Theyspentaverypleasantafternooninthehills.Springweatheris
