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1、-ing分词和-ed分词SchoolofForeignStudies-ing分词的语法功能1、主语注意：此时，主语和表语要同时采用-ING分词或同时采用不定式形式，即平行结构，否则被认为不正确。但在动词seem,prove,appear后面，通常只跟tobe。Climbingthemountainseemstobehopeless,forit’sraininghard.用it作形式主语，-ING分词用在下列结构中：Itis/was+特定adj./n.+-ing分词Adj.:nice,better,foolish
2、,enjoyable,fun,good,uselessn.:any/some/nogood,any/some/nouse,awasteoftimeIsitanygoodtryingtoexplain?It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk..Therebe句型中用-ING分词Thereisnopoint(in)doingsomethingThereisnouse/goodindoingsomethingThereisnodoingsomething意思相当于It’simpossibletodo
3、something或Wecan’tdosomething.Thereisnodenyingthefactthat….不容否认……Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappentomorrow.无法预知未来会发生什么。There’snoknowingthefuture.-----It’simpossibletoknowthefuture,orwecan’tknowthefuture2、宾语-ING分词和不定式作宾语的区别（1）不定式表示一次具体动作；-ING分词表示重复性、习惯性动作。Ididn’t
4、liketodisturbyouthismorning.Idon’tlikereadingbooksinbed.(2)有时-ING分词的逻辑主语可能泛指人们，不定式逻辑主语通常是句子中的主语。Ihatesmoking,soI’dliketositinthenon-smokingroom.我讨厌吸烟。Ihatetosmoke.我不喜欢吸烟。Iscorntellinglies.我痛恨（别人对我）说谎。Iscorntotellalie.我不屑于说谎/我才不说谎呢。(3)在demand,deserve,need,req
5、uire,want等动词后面，-ING分词的主动形式表示被动的意思。(4)歧义动词Remember,forget,stop,goon,regret,try,meanmind,chanceChancedoingsth.:riskdoingsth.冒险做某事Hechancedclimbingtherockwithoutanyaid.Chancetodosth.:happentodosth.碰巧作某事Hechancedtofindhislostbikeinfrontofastore.Minddoingsth.:介意/
6、反对作某事Mindtodosth.:留心作某事Mindtomailtheletter.(5)begin,start下列情况只能用todo作宾语begin,start本身为进行体：Iwasbeginningtogetangry.如所接动词为表示心理活动的动词，如understand,realize,know等。Theybegantorealizewhatshereallywant.如所接动词后又要加不定式，则前一动词用-ING分词，以避免重复。Theybegandecidingtodo….3、表语-ing分词作表
7、语，修饰句子主语，说明主语的性质特征；或说明主语的具体内容是什么。Theseresultsaremostsatisfying.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.4、状语(ing分词和ed分词作状语）（1）分词作状语时的逻辑主语（主语一致）Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawhercrossingtheroad.Havingfailedtoqualifyasadoctor,Itookupteaching.（2）独立分词结构Weatherpermitting,we’llbegoi
8、ngfishingtomorrow.Allthemoneyhavingbeenspent,westartedlookingforwork.Theoldmanoftentakesawalkaftersupperwithhisdogfollowinghim.Ioftengotoseemovieswithoutanybodyaccompanyingme.With/without+n.+p.p
