概念意义和关联意义

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GROUPNO.1（08英D）李金娇陈雅萍郭丽君叶慧张家贝LexicalMeaning(词汇意义） LexicalMeaning(词汇意义）ThelexicalmeaningofEnglishwordsconsistsofconceptual（概念意义）meaningandassociativemeaning（关联意义）.Conceptualmeaningisthecoreofword’smeaning.Itreferstotheobjectdirectlyandclearly.Soitisalsocalledreferentialmeaning. ThedifferenceandconnectionbetweenconceptualmeaningandassociativemeaningWhenconceptualmeaningissettled,thismeaningisrelativelystableandclear.Ithasrelativestability.Associativemeaningistheaddedmeaning(附带意义）oftheword,includingpersonalaffections(感情色彩)andstylemeaning(文体意义）.Ithastocorrespondpersonalunderstandingsofthespeaker.Associativemeaningisveryunstable,andcanchangeeasilyaccordingtothesituation. ExamplesFather：父亲Dad:父亲，爸爸(informal)Daddy:oftenusedbyyoungchildrenPapa:(old-fashioned),usedbychildrentotalkaboutandaddresstheirfatherTheoldman:某人的父亲Maleparent:男性家长（formal)Theyhavethesameconceptualmeaning”father”,buttheirusagesaredifferentaccordingtothedifferentsituations. ExamplesThesameconcept”伤害”.Injury：toharmyourselforsb.elsephysically,especiallyinaccidents.e.g.Inthetrafficaccident,twowerekilledandthreegetinjured.Wound:aninjurytopartofthebody,especiallyoneinwhichaholeismadeintheskinusingaweapon.e.g.Thesoldierwasbadlywoundedinthehead.Hurt:lessinformalthaninjury,oftenusedorally,referringtothephysicalharm.e.g.Thegirlfelloffherbike,andoneofherlegshurt.Harm:oftenusedorally,physicallyormentally,cancauseupsete.g.Gettingupearlywon’tharmyou!早起对你没有害处! ConceptualmeaningWords’conceptualmeaningisvirtuallythedefinitiongivenbydictionaries.Awordcanbeusedtoindicatenotonlythecollectivitybutalsotheindividual.That’stosay,awordcanhasboththegenericandspecificreference.Thesearesomeexamplestodemonstratethispoint. Houndreferstoanydoginthepast,butinmodernEnglish,itisusedtoexpressaspecialkindofdog.Dogusedforhuntingtypicallyhavinglargedroopingears girl:youngpersonofeithersexyoungpeopleoffemalesexdeer:anyanimalaparticularkindofanimalmeat:foodediblepartofananimalcorn:grainaparticulargrain Whilewearelearningaword,firstlyweshouldhaveamasteryofitsconceptualmeaning,especiallylearningforeignlanguages.Aword’smeaningcanbequitedifferentfromwhatyouguessitis.Forexample:Cookerisnotapersonwhocooksbutcookingutensil.Typewriteralsodoesn’tindicateapersonbutthedeviceusedfortyping. ManywordsonlyhaveconceptualmeaningbutnoassociativemeaningsExamples:Statisticiann.统计学家；统计员Baileen.【法律】(财物的)(保管)受托人Steakhousen.(专门供应牛排的)牛排餐馆bedsteadn.床架Bedclothesn.床上用品；铺盖 Manywordsonlyhaveconceptualmeaningbutnoassociativemeanings,especiallyScientificandTechnicalTerms：Germiciden.杀菌剂IndustrialPsychology工业心理学Astrionics宇航电子学GuidedMissile导弹AircraftCarrier航空母舰Videophone可视电话E-mail电子邮件 SomeEnglishwordshaveseveraldifferentconceptualmeanings,i.e.Polysemy.Polysemy一词多义Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguagesthatonewordmayhavetwoormoresensesordifferentmeanings. Example:mechanicsn.1、力学；机械学2、[用作复数](机械等)结构；构成3、[用作复数]技术性细节；例行手续；例行方法BeautyBeautyisbutskindeep.美貌(抽象意义)Sheisarealbeauty.美女(具体意义) Wheninspeech,wordsnotonlycanbeusedtoConveyinformation,Describeandexplain,Narrate,andShowattitudes,Expressfeelings,Giveinstructionsetc. Associativemeaning：Connotativemeaning内涵意义Stylisticmeaning文体意义Affectivemeaning情感意义Collocativemeaning搭配意义 Thankyou!