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《孟子》集锦TranslatedbyJamesLegge古之人与民偕乐，故能乐也。——《梁惠王上》Theancientscausedthepeopletohavepleasureaswellasthemselves,andthereforetheycouldenjoyit.以五十步笑百步，则何如？——《梁惠王上》Whatwouldyouthinkthosewhorunfiftypacesweretolaughatthosewhorunahundredpaces?仁者无敌。——《梁惠王上》Thebenevolenthasnoenemy.夫子言之，于我心有戚戚焉。——《梁惠王上》Whenyou,Master,spokethosewords,themovementsofcompassionbegantoworkinmymind.老吾老，以及人之老；幼吾幼，以及人之幼。——《梁惠王上》Treatwiththereverenceduetoagetheeldersinyourownfamily,sothattheeldersinthefamiliesofothersshallbesimilarlytreated;treatwiththekindnessduetoyouththeyounginyourownfamily,sothattheyounginthefamiliesofothersshallbesimilarlytreated.权，然后知轻重；度，然后知长短。——《梁惠王上》Byweighing,weknowwhatthingsareheavy,andwhatlight.Bymeasuring,weknowwhatthingsarelong,andwhatshort.以若所为求若所欲，犹缘木而求鱼也。——《梁惠王上》Butifyoudowhatyoudotoseekforwhatyoudesire,doingitmoreoverwithallyourheart,youwillassuredlyafterwardsmeetwithcalamity.乐民之乐者，民亦乐其乐；忧民之忧者，民亦忧其忧。——《梁惠王下》Whenarulerrejoicesinthejoyofhispeople,theyalsorejoiceinhisjoy;whenhegrievesatthesorrowofhispeople,theyalsogrieveathissorrow.虽有智慧，不如乘势；虽有镃基，不如待时。——《公孙丑上》Amanmayhavewisdomanddiscernment,butthatisnotlikeembracingthefavorableopportunity.Amanmayhaveinstrumentsofhusbandry,butthatisnotlikewaitingforthefarmingseasons.事半古之人，功必倍之。——《公孙丑上》Withhalfthemeritoftheancients,doubletheirachievementsissuretoberealized.持其志，无暴其气。——《公孙丑上》Maintainfirmthewill,anddonoviolencetothepassion-nature.我知言，我善养吾浩然之气。——《公孙丑上》Iunderstandwords,Iamskilfulinnourishingmyvast,flowingpassion-nature.助之长者，揠苗者也——非徒无益，而又害之。——《公孙丑上》Theywhoassistittogrowlongpullouttheircorn.Whattheydoisnotonlyofnobenefittothenature,butitalsoinjuresit.7 圣人之于民，亦类也。出于其类，拔乎其萃，自生民以来，未有盛于孔子也。——《公孙丑上》Buttheystandoutfromtheirfellows,andriseabovethelevel,andfromthebirthofmankindtillnow,thereneverhasbeenonesocompleteasConfucius.以力服人者，非心服也，力不赡也；以德服人者，中心悦而诚服也。——《公孙丑上》Whenonebyforcesubduesmen,theydonotsubmittohiminheart.Theysubmitbecausetheirstrengthisnotadequatetoresist.Whenonesubduesmenbyvirtue,intheirhearts’coretheyarepleased,andsincerelysubmit.尊贤使能，俊杰在位，则天下之士皆悦，而愿立于其朝矣。——《公孙丑上》Ifarulergivehonortomenoftalentsandvirtueandemploytheable,sothatofficesshallallbefilledbyindividualsofdistinctionandmark;—thenallthescholarsoftheempirewillbepleased,andwishtostandinhiscourt.祸福无不自己求之者。——《公孙丑上》Calamityandhappinessinallcasesaremen’sownseeking.天作孽，犹可违；自作孽，不可活。——《公孙丑上》WhenHeavensendsdowncalamities,itisstillpossibletoescapefromthem;whenweoccasionthecalamitiesourselves,itisnotpossibleanylongertolive.由是观之，无恻隐之心，非人也；无羞恶之心，非人也；无辞让之心，非人也；无是非之心，非人也。——《公孙丑上》Fromthiscasewemayperceivethatthefeelingofcommiserationisessentialtoman,thatthefeelingofshameanddislikeisessentialtoman,thatthefeelingofmodestyandcomplaisanceisessentialtoman,andthatthefeelingofapprovinganddisapprovingisessentialtoman.恻隐之心，仁之端也；羞恶之心，义之端也；辞让之心，礼之端也；是非之心，智之端也。——《公孙丑上》Thefeelingofcommiserationistheprincipleofbenevolence.Thefeelingofshameanddislikeistheprincipleofrighteousness.Thefeelingofmodestyandcomplaisanceistheprincipleofpropriety.Thefeelingofapprovinganddisapprovingistheprincipleofknowledge.夫仁，天之尊爵也，人之安宅也。——《公孙丑上》Now,benevolenceisthemosthonorabledignityconferredbyHeaven,andthequiethomeinwhichmanshoulddwell.君子莫大乎与人为善。——《公孙丑上》Thereisnoattributeofthesuperiormangreaterthanhishelpingmentopracticevirtue.天时不如地利，地利不如人和。——《公孙丑下》OpportunitiesoftimevouchsafedbyHeavenarenotequaltoadvantagesofsituationaffordedbytheEarth,andadvantagesofsituationaffordedbytheEartharenotequaltotheUnionarisingfromtheaccordofmen.7 得道者多助，失道者寡助。——《公孙丑下》Hewhofindsthepropercoursehasmanytoassisthim.Hewholosesthepropercoursehasfewtoassisthim.上有好者，下必有甚焉者矣。——《滕文公上》Whatthesuperiorlikes,hisinferiorswillbefoundtolikeexceedingly.父子有亲，君臣有义，夫妇有别，长幼有序，朋友有信。——《滕文公上》Betweenfatherandson,thereshouldbeaffection;betweensovereignandminister,righteousness;betweenhusbandandwife,attentiontotheirseparatefunctions;betweenoldandyoung,aproperorder;andbetweenfriends,fidelity.分人以财谓之惠，教人以善谓之忠，为天下得人者谓之仁。——《滕文公上》Theimpartingbyamantoothersofhiswealth,iscalled“akindness”.Theteachingotherswhatisgood,iscalled“theexerciseoffidelity”.Thefindingamanwhoshallbenefittheempire,iscalled“benevolence”.或劳心，或劳力，劳心者治人，劳力者治于人；治于人者食人，治人者食于人，天下之通义也。——《滕文公上》Somelaborwiththeirminds,andsomelaborwiththeirstrength.Thosewholaborwiththeirmindsgovernothers;thosewholaborwiththeirstrengtharegovernedbyothers.Thosewhogovernothersaresupportedbythem.Thisisaprincipleuniversallyrecognized.富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈，此之谓大丈夫。——《滕文公下》Tobeabovethepowerofrichesandhonorstomakedissipated,ofpovertyandmeanconditiontomakeswervefromprinciple,andofpowerandforcetomakebend:—thesecharacteristicsconstitutethegreatman.离娄之明，公输子之巧，不以规矩，不能成方圆。——《离娄上》ThepowerofvisionofLiLou,andskillofhandofGongshu,withoutthecompassandsquare,couldnotformsquaresandcircles.爱人不亲，反其仁；治人不治，反其智；礼人不答，反其敬——行有不得者皆反求诸己，其身正而天下归之。——《离娄上》Ifamanlovesothers,andnoresponsiveattachmentisshowntohim,lethimturninwardsandexaminehisownbenevolence.Ifheistryingtoruleothers,andhisgovernmentisunsuccessful,lethimturninwardsandexaminehiswisdom.Ifhetreatsotherspolitely,andtheydonotreturnhispoliteness,lethimturninwardsandexaminehisownfeelingofrespect.Whenwedonot,bywhatwedo,realizewhatwedesire,wemustturninwardsandexamineourselvesineverypoint.Whenaman’spersoniscorrect,thewholeempirewillturntohimwithrecognitionandsubmission.天下之本在国，国之本在家，家之本在身。——《离娄上》Therootoftheempireisinthestate.Therootofthestateisinthefamily.Therootofthefamilyisinthepersonofitshead.顺天者存，逆天者亡。——《离娄上》TheywhoaccordwithHeavenarepreserved,andtheywhorebelagainstHeavenperish.7 夫人必自侮，然后人侮之；家必自毁，而后人毁之；国必自伐，而后人伐之。——《离娄上》Amanmustfirstdespisehimself,andthenotherswilldespisehim.Afamilymustfirstdestroyitself,andthenotherswilldestroyit.Akingdommustfirstsmiteitself,andthenotherswillsmiteit.自暴者，不可与有言也；自弃者，不可与有为也。——《离娄上》Withthosewhodoviolencetothemselves,itisimpossibletospeak.Withthosewhothrowthemselvesaway,itisimpossibletodoanything.仁，人之安宅也；义，人之正路也。——《离娄上》Benevolenceisthetranquilhabitationofman,andrighteousnessishisstraightpath.道在迩而求诸远，事在易而求诸难：人人亲其亲、长其长，而天下平。——《离娄上》Thepathofdutyliesinwhatisnear,andmenseekforitinwhatisremote.Theworkofdutyliesinwhatiseasyandmenseekforitinwhatisdifficult.Ifeachmanwouldlovehisparentsandshowtheduerespecttohiselders,thewholeempirewouldenjoytranquility.有不虞之誉，有求全之毁。——《离娄上》Therearecasesofpraisewhichcouldnotbeexpected,andofreproachwhenthepartieshavebeenseekingtobeperfect.人之易其言也，无责耳矣。——《离娄上》Men’sbeingreadywiththeirtonguesarisessimplyfromtheirnothavingbeenreproved.人之患在好为人师。——《离娄上》Theevilofmenisthattheyliketobetheteachersofothers.人有不为也，而后可以有为。——《离娄下》Menmustbedecidedonwhattheywillnotdo,andthentheyareabletoactwithvigorinwhattheyoughttodo.大人者，不失其赤子之心者也。——《离娄下》Thegreatmanishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.言无实不祥。——《离娄下》Wordswhicharenottrueareinauspicious.声闻过情，君子耻之。——《离娄下》Asuperiormanisashamedofareputationbeyondhismerits.周公思兼三王，以施四事；其有不合者，仰而思之，夜以继日；幸而得之，坐以待旦。——《离娄下》ThedukeofZhoudesiredtouniteinhimselfthevirtuesofthosekings,thosefoundersofthethreedynasties,thathemightdisplayinhispracticethefourthingswhichtheydid.Ifhesawanythinginthemnotsuitedtohistime,helookedupandthoughtaboutit,fromdaytimeintothenight,andwhenhewasfortunateenoughtomasterthedifficulty,hesatwaitingforthemorning.西子蒙不洁，则人皆掩鼻而过之；虽有恶人，斋戒沐浴，则可以祀上帝。——《离娄下》7 IftheladyXihadbeencoveredwithafilthyhead-dress,allpeoplewouldhavestoppedtheirnosesinpassingher.Thoughamanmaybewicked,yetifheadjusthisthoughts,fast,andbathe,hemaysacrificetoGod.君子所以异于人，以其存心也。君子以仁存心，以礼存心。仁者爱人，有礼者敬人。Thatwherebythesuperiormanisdistinguishedfromothermeniswhathepreservesinhisheart,—namely,benevolenceandpropriety.Thebenevolentmanlovesothers.Themanofproprietyshowsrespecttoothers.爱人者，人恒爱之；敬人者，人恒敬之。——《离娄下》Hewholovesothersisconstantlylovedbythem.Hewhorespectsothersisconstantlyrespectedbythem.世俗所谓不孝者五：惰其四支，不顾父母之养，一不孝也；博弈好饮酒，不顾父母之养，二不孝也；好货财，私妻子，不顾父母之养，三不孝也；从耳目之欲，以为父母戮，四不孝也；好勇斗很，以危父母，五不孝也。——《离娄下》Therearefivethingswhicharesaidinthecommonpracticeoftheagetobeunfilial.Thefirstislazinessintheuseofone’sfourlimbs,withoutattendingtothenourishmentofhisparents.Thesecondisgamblingandchess-playing,andbeingfondofwine,withoutattendingtothenourishmentofhisparents.Thethirdisbeingfondofgoodsandmoney,andselfishlyattachedtohiswifeandchildren,withoutattendingtothenourishmentofhisparents.Thefourthisfollowingthedesiresofone’searsandeyes,soastobringhisparentstodisgrace.Thefifthisbeingfondofbravery,fightingandquarrelingsoastoendangerhisparents.恻隐之心，人皆有之；羞恶之心，人皆有之；恭敬之心，人皆有之；是非之心，人皆有之。——《告子上》Thefeelingofcommiserationbelongstoallmen;sodoesthatofshameanddislike;andthatofreverenceandrespect;andthatofapprovinganddisapproving.虽有天下易生之物也，一日暴之，十日寒之，未有能生者也。——《告子上》Supposethecaseofthemosteasilygrowingthingintheworld;—ifyouletithaveoneday’sgenialheat,andthenexposeitfortendaystocold,itwillnotbeabletogrow.生亦我所欲也，义亦我所欲也；二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。——《告子上》Ilikelife,andIalsolikerighteousness.IfIcannotkeepthetwotogether,Iwillletlifego,andchooserighteousness.心之官则思，思则得之，不思则不得也。——《告子上》Tothemindbelongstheofficeofthinking.Bythinking,itgetstherightviewofthings;byneglectingtothink,itfailstodothis.人皆可以为尧舜。——《告子下》AllmenmaybeYaosandShuns.天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。——《告子下》WhenHeavenisabouttoconferagreatofficeonanyman,itfirstexerciseshismindwithsuffering,andhissinewsandboneswithtoil.Itexposes7 hisbodytohunger,andsubjectshimtoextremepoverty.Itconfoundshisundertakings.Byallthesemethodsitstimulateshismind,hardenshisnature,andsupplieshisincompetencies.入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国患者，国恒亡。然后，知生于忧患而死于安乐也。——《告子下》Ifaprincehavenotabouthiscourtfamiliesattachedtothelawsandworthycounselors,andifabroadtherearenothostilestatesorotherexternalcalamities,hiskingdomwillgenerallycometoruin.Fromthesethingsweseehowlifespringsfromsorrowandcalamity,anddeathfromeaseandpleasure.万物皆备于我矣。反身而诚，乐莫大焉。强恕而行，求仁莫近焉。——《尽心上》Allthingsarealreadycompleteinus.Thereisnogreaterdelightthantobeconsciousofsincerityonself-examination.Ifoneactswithavigorouseffortatthelawofreciprocity,whenheseeksfortherealizationofperfectvirtue,nothingcanbecloserthanhisapproximationtoit.人不可以无耻，无耻之耻，无耻矣。——《尽心上》Amanmaynotbewithoutshame.Whenoneisashamedofhavingbeenwithoutshame,hewillafterwardsnothaveoccasionforshame.穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下。——《尽心上》Ifpoor,theyattendedtotheirownvirtueinsolitude;ifadvancedtodignity,theymadethewholeempirevirtuousaswell.无为其所不为，无欲其所不欲，如此而已矣。——《尽心上》Letamannotdowhathisownsenseofrighteousnesstellshimnottodo,andlethimnotdesirewhathissenseofrighteousnesstellshimnottodesire;—toactthusisallhehastodo.君子有三乐，而王天下不与存焉。父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也；仰不愧于天，俯不祚于人，二乐也；得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。君子有三乐，而王天下不与存焉。——《尽心上》Thesuperiormanhasthreethingsinwhichhedelights,andtoberulerovertheempireisnotoneofthem.Thathisfatherandmotherarebothalive,andthattheconditionofhisbrothersaffordsnocauseforanxiety;—thisisonedelight.That,whenlookingup,hehasnooccasionforshamebeforeHeaven,and,below,hehasnooccasiontoblushbeforemen;—thisisaseconddelight.Thathecangetfromthewholeempirethemosttalentedindividuals,andteachandnourishthem;—thisisthethirddelight.Thesuperiormanhasthreethingsinwhichhedelights,andtoberulerovertheempireisnotoneofthem.孔子登东山而小鲁，登泰山而小天下。故观于海者难为水，游于圣人之门者难为言。——《尽心上》Confuciusascendedtheeasternhill,andLuappearedtohimsmall.HeascendedtheTaimountain,andallbeneaththeheavensappearedtohimsmall.So,hewhohascontemplatedthesea,findsitdifficulttothink7 anythingofotherwaters,andhewhohaswanderedinthegateofthesage,findsitdifficulttothinkanythingofthewordsofothers.饥者甘食，渴者甘饮。——《尽心上》Thehungrythinkanyfoodsweet,andthethirstythinkthesameofanydrink.有为者辟若掘井，掘井九轫而不及泉，犹为弃井也。——《尽心上》Amanwithdefiniteaimstobeaccomplishedmaybecomparedtoonediggingawell.Todigthewelltoadepthofseventy-twocubits,andstopwithoutreachingthespring,isafterallthrowingawaythewell.居移气，养移体，大哉居乎！——《尽心上》One’spositionalterstheair,justasthenurtureaffectsthebody.Greatistheinfluenceofposition!其进锐者，其退速。——《尽心上》Hewhoadvanceswithprecipitationwillretirewithspeed.尽信书，则不如无书。——《尽心下》ItwouldbebettertobewithouttheBookofHistorythantogiveentirecredittoit.民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。——《尽心下》Thepeoplearethemostimportantelementinanation;thespiritsofthelandandgrainarethenext;thesovereignisthelightest.贤者以其昭昭使人昭昭，今以其昏昏使人昭昭。——《尽心下》Anciently,menofvirtueandtalentsbymeansoftheirownenlightenmentmadeothersenlightened.Nowadays,itistried,whiletheyarethemselvesindarkness,andbymeansofthatdarkness,tomakeothersenlightened.往者不追，来者不拒。——《尽心下》Butyou,Master,havingarrangedtogivelessons,donotgobacktoinquireintothepast,andyoudonotrejectthosewhocometoyou.言近而指远者，善言也；守约而施博者，善道也。——《尽心下》Wordswhicharesimple,whiletheirmeaningisfar-reaching,aregoodwords.Principleswhich,asheld,arecompendious,whiletheirapplicationisextensive,aregoodprinciples.养心莫善于寡欲。——《尽心下》Tonourishthemindthereisnothingbetterthantomakethedesiresfew.7
