微观经济学英文版名词解释超详细

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1、微观经济学名词解释Chapter1businesscycle经济周期fluctuationsineconomicactivity,suchasemploymentandproductioneconomics经济学;经济，国家的经济状况thestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarce缺乏的，罕见的resourcesefficiencyn.功效;效率，效能;实力，能力;[物]性能;thepropertyofsocietygettingthemostitcanfromitsscarcer

2、esourcesequalityn.同等，平等;[数]相等，等式;thepropertyofdistributingeconomicprosperityuniformlyamongthemembersofsocietyexternality[,ekstɜː'nælɪtɪ]外部性theuncompensatedimpactofoneperson’sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander旁观者;局外人;看热闹的人incentivesomethingthatinducesapers

3、ontoactInflation[ɪn'fleɪʃ(ə)n]anincreaseintheoveralllevelofpricesintheeconomymarginalchangessmallincremental增加的adjustmentstoaplanofactionmarketeconomyaneconomythatallocatesresourcesthroughthedecentralized权力分散;人口疏散;密度分散;decisionsofmanyfirmsandhouseholdsast

4、heyinteractinmarketsforgoodsandservicesmarketfailureasituationinwhichamarketleftonitsownfailstoallocate分配，分派;把…拨给;英[ˈæləkeɪt]resourcesefficientlymarketpowertheabilityofasingleeconomicactor(orsmallgroupofactors)tohaveasubstantialinfluenceonmarketpricesoppo

5、rtunitycostwhatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitemproductivitythequantityofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachunitoflaborinputpropertyrightstheabilityofanindividualtoownandexercisecontroloverscarceresourcesrationalpeoplepeoplewhosystematicallyandpurposefullydo

6、thebesttheycantoachievetheirobjectivesscarcitythelimitednatureofsociety’sresources17Chapter2circular-flowdiagramavisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholds家庭;家庭，户andfirmsmacroeconomics[,mækrəʊiːkə'nɒmɪks;-ek-]thestudyofeco

7、nomy-widephenomena,includinginflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowthmicroeconomics[,maɪkrəʊiːkə'nɒmɪksthestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinmarketsnormative['nɔːmətɪv]标准的statementsclaimsthatattempttoprescribe定，规定;指定，规定;美[prɪˈskra

8、ɪb]howtheworldshouldbepositivestatementsclaimsthatattempttodescribetheworldasitisproductionpossibilitiesfrontier['frʌntɪə）agraphthatshowsthecombinationsofoutputthattheeconomycanpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactor