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1、EnvironmentalproblemscausedbyIstanbulsubwayexcavationandsuggestionsforremediationIbrahimOcakAbstract:Manyenvironmentalproblemscausedbysubwayexcavationshaveinevitablybecomeanimportantpointincitylife.Theseproblemscanbecategorizedastransportingandstockingofexcavatedmaterial,t
2、rafficjams,noise,vibrations,pilesofdustmudandlackofsupplies.Althoughtheseproblemscausemanydifficulties,themostpressingforabigcitylikeIstanbulisexcavation,sinceotherlisteddifficultiesresultfromit.Moreover,theseproblemsareenvironmentallyandregionallyrestrictedtotheperiodoverwhi
3、chconstructionprojectsareunderwayanddisappearwhenconstructionisfinished.Currently,inIstanbul,thereareninesubwayconstructionprojectsinoperation,coveringapproximately73kminlength;over200kmtobeconstructedinthenearfuture.Theamountofmaterialexcavatedfromongoingconstructionprojec
4、tscoversapproximately12millionm3.Inthisstudy,problems—primarily,theproblemwithexcavationwaste(EW)—causedbysubwayexcavationareanalyzedandsuggestionsforremediationareoffered.Keywords:EnvironmentalproblemsSubwayexcavationWastemanagementIntroductionNowadays,citiesarespreadingo
5、verlargerareaswithincreasingdemandonextendingtransportfacilities.Thus,allovertheworld,especiallyincitieswherethepopulationexceeds300,000–400,000people,railway-basedmeansoftransportationisbeingacceptedastheultimatesolution.Therefore,largeinvestmentsinsubwayandlightrailconst
6、ructionarerequired.Theconstructionofstatedsystemsrequiressurfaceexcavations,cutandcovertunnelexcavations,boredtunnelexcavations,redirectionofinfrastructuresandtunnelconstructionprojects.Theseelementsdisturbtheenvironmentandaffecteverydaylifeofcitizensintermsofrunningwater,
7、naturalgas,sewersystemsandtelephonelines.Onereasonwhymetroexcavationsaffecttheenvironmentisthehugeamountofexcavatedmaterialproduced.Moreover,alargeamountofthisexcavatedmaterialiscomposedofmuddyandbentonitematerial.Storingexcavatedmaterialthenbecomescrucial.Aconsiderableamo
8、untofpressurehasbeenplacedonofficialstostoreandrecycleanykindofexcavatedmaterial.Wastemana