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ID:24778706
大小:6.97 MB
页数:146页
时间:2018-11-15
《英语语言学-语言学知识点》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、语言学知识点I语言学导论II语言学主要分支学科III语言学的流派和理论I语言学导论1.designfeatureoflanguage(语言的定义特征)2.LanguageFamilies(世界语言分类)3.importantdistinctionsinlinguistics(语言学研究中几对重要的概念)4.scopeoflinguistics(语言学的研究范围)1.designfeatureoflanguage(语言的定义特征)definingpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdis
2、tinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication1.designfeatureoflanguage语言定义特征1)Arbitrariness(任意性)2)Duality(二层性)3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性)4)Displacement(移位性)5)CulturalTransmission(文化传递性)1)Arbitrariness(任意性):定义:theformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelatio
3、nshiptotheirmeaning.举例:书,book,livre喜欢,like,aimer2)Duality(二层性):定义:thepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevel.举例:Sounds>syllables>words>phrases>clauses>sentences>texts/discourses3)Creativi
4、ty/Productivity(创造性):定义:Languagecanbeusedtocreatenewmeaningsbecauseofitsduality举例1:/k/,/a:/,/p/----carporpark举例2:England,defeated,FranceEnglanddefeatedFrance.FrancedefeatedEngland.4)Displacement(替代性):定义:Humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizesomethingwhi
5、charenotpresentatthemomentofcommunication.5)CulturalTransmission(文化传递性):定义:languageispassedonfromgenerationtogenerationthroughteachingandlearningratherthaninstinct.反例:印度狼孩3.Designfeature定义特征1)Arbitrariness(任意性)2)Duality(二层性)3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性)4)
6、Displacement(移位性)5)CulturalTransmission(文化传递性)如何记忆:五性,创意遗传4.ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics(语言学研究中几对重要的概念)1)descriptive&prescriptive2)synchronic&diachronic3)langue&parole4)competence&performance1)Descriptive(描述性)vs.Prescriptive(规定性)Descriptive:describin
7、ghowthingsare.prescriptive:prescribinghowthingsoughttobeImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics举例:Don'tsayX.Peopledon'tsayX.Thefirstisaprescriptivecommand,whilethesecondisadescriptivestatement.2).Synchronic(共时性)vs.Diachronic(历时性)synchronic:takesafixedinstantasi
8、tspointofobservation.diachronic:thestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.举例:研究1800年的英语发音Synchronicstudies(共时性研究)研究1800-1900的法语语法变化Diachronicstudies(历时研究)2.世界语言分类Languagefamily语系languagegroup语族Languageb
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