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1、摘要抗战前，湖南银行地域分布不平衡，分支机构少，因而业务总量较少，对促进湖南省经济发展的作用较小，影响也非常有限。抗战爆发后，随着国民政府的战略布局调整及战场形势的变化，湖南由抗战后方转变为抗战前方，在此情形下，国民政府基于稳定经济，发展生产及支援抗战的考虑，相继颁布法令，调整及规范银行业的发展，使其达到稳定金融、促进社会经济发展的作用。在湖南省政府的积极协调下，湖南境内银行业发生了显著变化：包括国家银行、省银行以及商业银行在内的各式银行不仅在分支机构数上取得了长足发展，遍及到了湖南境内的所有县市，而且在业务发展发面取得了较大突破。不断健全发展的银行业务，不仅
2、完善了自身系统，完成了湖南地方金融网的建设，而且对于推动湖南经济发展，起到了十分重要的作用，有力的支援了抗战。但同时也暴露出银行在各项生产贷款上存在数额小、种类少、利率高等缺点。更有银行无视法令，参与商业盈利，产生了一定程度的社会负面影响。关键词：抗战时期；湖南；银行；研究IAbstractBeforetheAnti-JapaneseWar,therehadsomecharacteristicsinbankofHunan,whichhadlittleinfluencetotheHunanprovince’seconomy.Forinstance,thereha
3、sfewinstitutionsofitssubbranchbanks,thelocationsofitssubbrancheswerenotveryreasonable,andtheportfoliosofthebankwereverylimited.Nevertheless,duringthetimeofAnti-JapaneseWar,withthereadjustmentofthestrategicsituationintheNationalGovernmentandtheuncertainchangesofthebattlefield,Hunanpr
4、ovincewhichwastherearareabeforetheoutbreakhastransformedthefrontareaofthewar.Insuchaspecialsituation,fortheconsiderationofanchoringtheeconomy,developingtheproductionandsupportingthewar,thenationalgovernment,thenationalgovernmenthaspromulgatedsomestatutesinsuccessiontoregulatethedeve
5、lopmentofbank,sothatitalsocouldrestorestabilitytothefinanceanddeveloptheeconomyofsociety.AndwiththepositivecoordinationofthegovernmentofHunanprovince,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthebankingbusinessofHunanprovince.AllthebanksofHunan,includingthenationalbank,theprovincialbankandthemerc
6、hantbank,tooksomemeasurestoimprovetheirpresentsituation.Atlast,thesemeasuresmadeahugesuccess,andtheinstitutionsofbankspreadinallthecitiesofHunanprovince.Furthermore,theconstantlydevelopmentofthebankingbusinessnotonlydidthethingsforthemselves,perfectedthefinancialsystemofHunanarea,bu
7、talsoeffectivesupportedthewar,andmadeagreatinfluencetothesociety.However,duringthetimeofdeveloping,thebankofHunanhadexposedaseriesofweakpoints,whichcontainedtheyparticipatedintheprofitofcommercebyignoringtothestatute,andtherehadasmallamounts,lessvarieties,shortcycles,andhighinterest
8、ratesoftheloanthatt
