Modern Applied Statistics with Splus (Fourth edition)

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1、ModernAppliedStatisticswithSFourtheditionbyW.N.VenablesandB.D.RipleySpringer(mid2002)Final15March2002PrefaceSisalanguageandenvironmentfordataanalysisoriginallydevelopedatBellLaboratories(ofAT&TandnowLucentTechnologies).Itbecamethestatisti-cianscalculator

2、forthe1990s,allowingeasyaccesstothecomputingpowerandgraphicalcapabilitiesofmodernworkstationsandpersonalcomputers.Variousimplementationshavebeenavailable,currentlyS-PLUS,acommercialsystemfromtheInsightfulCorporation1inSeattle,andR,2anOpenSourcesystemwrit

3、-tenbyateamofvolunteers.BothcanberunonWindowsandarangeofUNIX/Linuxoperatingsystems:RalsorunsonMacintoshes.Thisisthefourtheditionofabookwhichfirstappearedin1994,andtheSenvironmenthasgrownrapidlysince.Thisbookconcentratesonusingthecurrentsystemstodostatisti

4、cs;thereisacompanionvolume(VenablesandRipley,2000)whichdiscussesprogrammingintheSlanguageinmuchgreaterdepth.SomeofthemorespecializedfunctionalityoftheSenvironmentiscoveredinon-linecomplements,additionalsectionsandchapterswhichareavailableontheWorldWideWe

5、b.ThedatasetsandSfunctionsthatweusearesuppliedwithmostSenvironmentsandarealsoavailableon-line.Thisisnotatextinstatisticaltheory,butdoescovermodernstatisticalmethod-ology.Eachchaptersummarizesthemethodsdiscussed,inordertosetoutthenotationandtheprecisemeth

6、odimplementedinS.(Itwillhelpifthereaderhasabasicknowledgeofthetopicofthechapter,butseveralchaptershavebeensuc-cessfullyusedforspecializedcoursesinstatisticalmethods.)OuraimisrathertoshowhowweanalysedatasetsusingS.IndoingsoweaimtoshowbothhowScanbeusedandh

7、owtheavailabilityofapowerfulandgraphicalsystemhasalteredthewayweapproachdataanalysisandallowspenetratinganalysestobeperformedroutinely.Oncecalculationbecameeasy,thestatisticiansenergiescouldbedevotedtounderstandinghisorherdataset.ThecoreSlanguageisnotver

8、ylarge,butitisquitedifferentfrommostotherstatisticssystems.Wedescribethelanguageinsomedetailinthefirstthreechap-ters,buttheseareprobablybestskimmedatfirstreading.Oncethephilosophyofthelanguageisgrasped,itsconsistencyandlogic