chapter2 Bone Marrow Examination英语教案

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1、Chapter2BonemarrowExaminationBonemarrow(BM)isspongytissuefoundinsidesomeofyourlargerbones.Bonemarrowhasafluidportionandamoresolidportion.Abonemarrowaspirationisusuallydoneatthesametimeasabiopsy.Inanaspiration,asampleoftheliquidportionofyourmarrowiswithdrawn.Abonemarrowbiopsyandaspirationa

2、reoftencalledabonemarrowexamination.2.1.ClinicalapplicationofbonemarrowexaminationAbonemarrowexamoffersdetailedinformationabouttheconditionofyourbloodcells.Sometimes,collectingabloodsamplethroughaveininyourarmprovidesenoughinformationaboutyourhealth.Butifthoseresultsareabnormalordon'toffe

3、renoughdetails,youmayneedfurtherevaluationwithanexaminationofyourbonemarrow.Becauseyourbonemarrowisessentiallyabloodcellfactory,it'snormallyrichinyoungcells.Examiningbonemarrowgivesamuchmoredetailedpictureofthetypes,amountandconditionofthesenewlyformingbloodcells.Themarrowcanbestudiedtode

4、terminethecauseofanemia,thepresenceofleukemiaorothermalignancy,orthepresenceofsome“storagediseases”inwhichabnormalmetabolicproductsarestoredincertainbonemarrowcells.A.IndicationsofbonemarrowexaminationThebasicindicationforperformingabonemarrowevaluationistoanswerquestionsthataroutinehemat

5、ologyexaminationofabloodsampledoesnotanswer.Oneneednottaketheadditionalefforttotakeabonemarrowaspirateandbiopsy,if,forexample,thebloodalreadyclearlyindicatedanimmunemediatedhemolyticanemia,atypicalinflammatoryresponse,orevenaleukemiawithclearlydiagnosticfeaturesinEDTAbloodispresent.Mostca

6、sesofanemia(lowredbloodcells)canbediagnosedbysimplebloodtests.Whenthesetestsarenegative,examiningthemarrowcanrevealproblemswiththeredbloodcellsthatareuncommoncausesofanemia(sideroblasticanemia,aplasticanemia).Themostcommonindicationsforbonemarrowanalysisareadeficiencyofcellsfromone,twoora

7、llthreecelllines.Cytopeniasalsosuggestdecreasedbonemarrowfunctionsooneshouldcheckforvariousbonemarrowdiseases.Thesewouldbeathrombocytopeniaand/orleukopenia.Additionally,leukemiamaybehiddeninthemarrowblastcellsmaybenumerousinthebonemarrowbutfewornoblastcellsareseenin