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1、JournalofBiomechanics32(1999)217Ð238SurveyArticleBoneporoelasticityStephenC.Cowin*TheCenterforBiomedicalEngineeringandTheDepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,TheSchoolofEngineeringofTheCityCollegeandTheGraduateSchoolofTheCityUniversityofNewYork,NewYork,NY10031,
2、U.S.A.ReceivedinÞnalform14October1998AbstractPoroelasticityisawell-developedtheoryfortheinteractionofßuidandsolidphasesofaßuid-saturatedporousmedium.Itiswidelyusedingeomechanicsandhasbeenappliedtobonebymanyauthorsinthelast30years.Thepurposeofthisworkis,Þrst,
3、toreviewtheliteraturerelatedtotheapplicationofporoelasticitytotheinterstitialboneßuidand,second,todescribethespeciÞcphysicalandmodelingconsiderationsthatestablishporoelasticityasane¤ectiveandusefulmodelfordeformation-drivenboneßuidmovementinbonetissue.Theapp
4、licationofporoelasticitytobonedi¤ersfromitsapplicationtosofttissuesintwoimportantways.First,thedeformationsofbonearesmallwhilethoseofsofttissuesaregenerallylarge.Second,thebulkmodulusofthemineralizedbonematrixisaboutsixtimessti¤erthanthatoftheßuidintheporesw
5、hilethebulkmoduliofthesofttissuematrixandtheporewaterarealmostthesame.Poroelasticityandelectrokineticscanbeusedtoexplainstrain-generatedpotentialsinwetbone.Itisnotedthatstrain-generatedpotentialscanbeusedasane¤ectivetoolintheexperimentalstudyoflocalboneßuidß
6、ow,andthattheknowledgeofthistechniquewillcontributetotheanswersofanumberofquestionsconcerningbonemineralization,osteocytenutritionandthebonemechanosensorysystem.(1999ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.NotationecomponentsofthestraintensorofthesolidijphaseBc
7、ompressibilitycoe¦cient,sometimescalledthepporeßuidpressureSkemptonporepressurecoe¦cientfvariationofßuidvolumeperunitvolumeoftheGshearmodulusoftheporoelasticmediumunderporousmaterialduetodi¤usiveßuidmassthedrainedconditiontransport,alsocalledtheßuidcontent.G
8、shearmodulusoftheporoelasticmediumunder/porevolumefraction,thevolumeofporesperutheundrainedconditionunittotalvolume,/"/#/*.Kbulkmodulusoftheporoelasticmediumunder/porevolumefraction(thevolumeofp
