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1、ActaNeuropathol(2010)119:37–53DOI10.1007/s00401-009-0601-5REVIEWOligodendrocytes:biologyandpathologyMonikaBradl•HansLassmannReceived:4September2009/Revised:9October2009/Accepted:10October2009/Publishedonline:22October2009ÓTheAuthor(s)2009.Thisarticleispubl
2、ishedwithopenaccessatSpringerlink.comAbstractOligodendrocytesarethemyelinatingcellsofallowsittodissectthefunctionofindividualproteinsinthethecentralnervoussystem(CNS).Theyaretheendproperspatialandtemporalcontextofdevelopmentandproductofacelllineagewhichhas
3、toundergoacomplexdisease.Studiesinrodentsledtotheidentificationofandpreciselytimedprogramofproliferation,migration,importantprinciplesofoligodendrocytedevelopmentanddifferentiation,andmyelinationtofinallyproducethemyelinformation.insulatingsheathofaxons.Duet
4、othiscomplexdifferen-tiationprogram,andduetotheiruniquemetabolism/physiology,oligodendrocytescountamongthemostvul-ThedevelopmentofoligodendrocytesnerablecellsoftheCNS.Inthisreview,wefirstdescribeandmyelinarodentsperspectivethedifferentstepseventuallyculmina
5、tingintheformationofmatureoligodendrocytesandmyelinsheaths,astheySpinalcordandbraincontaindifferentsubclasseswererevealedbystudiesinrodents.Wewillthenshowofoligodendrocyteswhichderivefrommultiplesourcesdifferencesandsimilaritiesofhumanoligodendrocytedevelo
6、pment.Finally,wewilllayoutthedifferentpath-Inthespinalcord,mostoligodendrocytesderivefromawaysleadingtooligodendrocyteandmyelinlossinhumanspecializeddomainoftheventralventricularzone,whichCNSdiseases,andwewillrevealthedifferentprinciplesfirstgivesrisetomoto
7、rneuronprecursors,andthen,afterleadingtotherestorationofmyelinsheathsortoafailuretheneurogenic/gliogenicswitch,tooligodendrocytepre-todoso.cursorcells/progenitors(OPCs)[107,181,183,214].Fromthere,OPCsmigrateallthroughthespinalcordandfinallyKeywordsOligodend
8、rocytesMyelinRemyelinationdifferentiateintomyelin-formingoligodendrocytes.Later,MultiplesclerosisDifferentiationMigrationanadditionalsourceofOPCsarisesinthedorsalspinalcord,contributingto10–15%ofthefinalo
