英汉语言对比静态与动态

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1、PartIVStativevs.DynamicTranslatethefollowingsentences:1)医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。2)他能吃能睡3)他既不抽烟，也不喝酒。4)他失业以后，就很不合群了。5)Thecomputerisafarmorecarefulandindustriousinspectorthanhumanbeings.6)Iusedtobeabitofafanciermyself.7)他们立刻出动去追击敌人.8)有人给他撑腰。9)他在读书。10)机

2、器正在运行11)说完这些话，她便走开了。English:StaticChinese:DynamicR.Quirk:Broadlyspeaking,nounscanbecharacterizednaturallyas"stative"inthattheyrefertoentitiesthatareregardedasstable,whethertheseareconcrete(physical)likehouse,table,paper,orabstract(ofthemind)likehope,botany

3、,length.Attheoppositepole,verbscanbeequallynaturallycharacterizedas"dynamic":theyarefitted(bytheircapacitytoshowtenseandaspect,forexample)toindicateaction,activityandtemporaryorchangingconditions.StativeEnglish1.Nominalization2.Agentivenounsinplaceofverbs.

4、3.Preparation-Prominent4.Verbs-weaken5.Ajectivesandadverbsinplaceofverbs1.NominalizationNominalizationreferstothereplacementofclauses,whichcontainfiniteverbs,withcomplexstructuresconsistingofnounsandnounadjuncts.名词化主要指用名词（短语）来表达原来属于动词（短语）所表达的信息，如用抽象名词来表达动作

5、、行为、变化、状态等。Forexample:becausethesurfaceoftheretinaisspherical------>becauseofthesphericityoftheretinalsurfacesomethingisnearthenucleus------>somethingoccupiesajuxtanuclearpositionDennisFreebornpointsout:Formalacdemicwritingtendstouseacharacteristicstylewhi

6、chcatersforotheracademicratherthanthegeneralpublic.1)医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。Thedoctorarrivedextremelyquicklyandexaminedthepatientuncommonlycarefully;theresultwasthatherecoveredveryspeedily.Thedoctor'sextremelyquickarrivalanduncommonlycarefulexaminat

7、ionofthepatientbroughtabouthisveryspeedyrecovery.2.TouseAgentiveNounsinplaceofVerbs1)他能吃能睡Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper2)他既不抽烟，也不喝酒。Hewasanonsmokerandateetotaler.3)他失业以后，就很不合群了。Sincehelosthisjob,he'sbeenaloner.4)Thecomputerisafarmorecarefulandindustriousin

8、spectorthanhumanbeings.计算机比人检查的更细心、更勤快。5)Iusedtobeabitofafanciermyself.过去我常常胡思乱想。3Preparation-prominent3.1Preparationphrasesinplaceofverbphrases英语常用介词短语代替动词短语，即“以静代动”3.2"noun+preparation"名词+介词的优势常见于英语里大量的弱式短语