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1、Inthislesson,weformallyintroducetheverbAs•(tobe).As•denotesexistenceinallitsvariants.Sanskritisuniqueinthatthreeformsexistforeachnoun.Theyaresinglular,pluralanddual.Thethirdformdualistobeusedwhenreferingtotwopersonsatatime.TheSanskritnamesfortheseformsaresingularekvcnm•¦k
2、avacanampluralbh¤vcnm•bahuvacanamdual¢¹vcnm•dvivacanamAsinotherlanguages,Sanskritalsodistinguishessentencesinfirst,secondandthirdperson.Thesanskrittermsfortheseare.uäOmp¤âx:-FirstPersonuttamapuruºa©mÒymp¤âx:-SecondPersonmadhyamapuruºa©p#Tmp¤âx:-ThirdPersonprathamapuruºa©L
3、etusfirstlookatsomesentences.--------------------------------------------------------------------ThissectiondealswiththeverbAs•.Ah
4、AacayI:A¢ÞmIamateacheraha¨¡c¡rya©asmiÏv
5、¢SÝy:A¢sYouareastudenttva¨¹iºya©asi(Disciple)ex:mharaj:A¢ÞtHeisanemperor¦¹a©mah¡r¡ja©astiexamharaåO£A
6、¢ÞtSheisaqueen.¦º¡mah¡r¡j±¢astiNotethatSanskritdoesnotusethedefiniteorindefinitearticle.Thetranslatorhastointroducethearticleasrequired.p¤Þtk
7、AæOA¢ÞtThebookisherepustaka¨atraastim¢Ódr
8、tæOA¢ÞtThetempleistheremandira¨tatraastiLetusnowlookatsomeexpressionsinvolving¢¹vcn
9、orth
10、edualform.Aava
11、vWï¬Þv:We(two)aredoctors¡v¡mvaidyausva©y¤va
12、B³¬ÞT:You(two)aredevoteesyuv¡mbhaktaustha©et¬sEvk¬Þt:They(two)areservants¦taus¦vakausta©(servant-masculine)etEsE¢vkEÞt:They(two)aremaids¦t¦s¦vik¦sta©(maid-feminine)PlEAæOÞt:Twofruitsareherephal¦atrasta©pîEtæOÞt:Tw
13、olotusesaretherepadam¦tatrasta©Expressionsinvolvingthepluralform.vy
14、calka:Þm:We(all)aredriversvaya¨c¡lak¡hasma©y¥y
15、packa:ÞTyou(all)arecooksy£ya¨p¡cak¡hasthaetEy¤vka:s¢ÓtThey(all)areyounglads¦t¦yuvak¡hasantieta:y¤vty:s¢ÓtThey(all)areyoungwomen¦t¡hayuvataya©santivna¢nAæOs¢Ó
16、tForestsareherevan¡niatrasantipaæOa¢NtæOs¢ÓtVesselsaretherep¡tr¡²itatrasanti--------------------------------------------------------------------Inthissection,theverbAs•isusedasA¢Þttodenotepossession(inthesenseofhave)mmp¤æO:A¢ÞtIhaveasonormamaputra©astiMysonisheremmp¤æO¬Þt
17、:Ihave(two)sonsormamaputrausta©My(two)sons(are)heremmp¤æOa:s¢ÓtIhave(morethan2)sonsmamaputr¡hasa
