港口集群治理【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Governanceinseaportclusters出处：ResearchinTransportationEconomics,Volume17作者：PeterW.deLangen原文：GovernanceInSeaportClusters1.IntroductionApartfromwell-knownphysicalfactorssuchasthelocation,maritimeaccessibilityandhinterlandinfrastructure,thegovernanceofseaportsisanim

2、portantdeterminantoftheirperformance.Ananalysisofthegovernanceofseaportshasmostlybeenlimitedtotheroleoftheportauthority.Notwithstandingthecentralroleofportauthoritiesinports,wearguethatananalysisofgovernanceinseaportsrequiresattentionfortheroleof(private)firms.Institutionalecono

3、micliteratureoffersausefulframeworkforanalysingadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalternativegovernancemechanismsandprovidesabasisforanalysingtherolesofportauthorities.InthispaperwedealwiththeissueofclustergovernanceinseaportsandillustrateourapproachwithananalysisoftheportofRotterdam..

4、First,webrieflydiscussthetheoreticalfoundationsoftheclustergovernanceconcept.Second,wediscusstheroleofportauthoritiesinthegovernanceofseaports.Third,wepresentempiricalresultsofasurveyamong43clusterexpertsinRotterdamonthegovernanceofRotterdam’sportcluster.Wefinalisethepaperwithco

5、nclusions.2.TheQualityOfClusterGovernanceWedefineclustergovernanceas‘themixofandrelationsbetweenvariousmechanismsofcoordinationusedinacluster’.Thequalityofthegovernancediffersbetweenclusters.Thequalitydependsonthelevelofcoordinationcostsandthe‘scope’of‘coordinationbeyondprice’.L

6、owcoordinationcostsandmuchcoordinationbeyondpriceimprovethequalityofgovernance.Whenthebenefitsofcoordinationaredistributedunequally,when(thethreatof)opportunisticbehaviourpreventscoordinationorwhenbenefitsofcoordinationareuncertain,coordinationbeyondpricedoesnotarisespontaneousl

7、yorinstantaneously,evenwhenbenefitsofcoordinationexceedcosts.Thereforethereisingeneralashortageofcoordinationbeyondprice.Morecoordinationbeyondpriceimprovesthequalityofthegovernanceofclusters.2.1TrustInclusterswheretheleveloftrustishigh,(average)transactioncostsarerelativelylow,

8、becauseoflowcoststospecifycontractsandlowmonito