港口集群治理[外文翻译]

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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Governanceinseaportclusters出处：ResearchinTransportationEconomics,Volume17作者：PeterW.deLangen原文：GovernanceInSeaportClusters1.IntroductionApartfromwell-knownphysicalfactorssuchasthelocation,maritimeaccessibilityandhinterlandinfrastructure,thegovernanceofseaportsisanimport

2、antdeterminantoftheirperformance.Ananalysisofthegovernanceofseaportshasmostlybeenlimitedtotheroleoftheportauthority.Notwithstandingthecentralroleofportauthoritiesinports,wearguethatananalysisofgovernanceinseaportsrequiresattentionfortheroleof(private)firms.Institutionaleconomicliter

3、atureoffersausefulframeworkforanalysingadvantagesanddisadvantagesofalternativegovernancemechanismsandprovidesabasisforanalysingtherolesofportauthorities.InthispaperwedealwiththeissueofclustergovernanceinseaportsandillustrateourapproachwithananalysisoftheportofRotterdam..First,webrie

4、flydiscussthetheoreticalfoundationsoftheclustergovernanceconcept.Second,wediscusstheroleofportauthoritiesinthegovernanceofseaports.Third,wepresentempiricalresultsofasurveyamong43clusterexpertsinRotterdamonthegovernanceofRotterdam’sportcluster.Wefinalisethepaperwithconclusions.2.TheQ

5、ualityOfClusterGovernanceWedefineclustergovernanceas‘themixofandrelationsbetweenvariousmechanismsofcoordinationusedinacluster’.Thequalityofthegovernancediffersbetweenclusters.Thequalitydependsonthelevelofcoordinationcostsandthe‘scope’of‘coordinationbeyondprice’.Lowcoordinationcostsa

6、ndmuchcoordinationbeyondpriceimprovethequalityofgovernance.Whenthebenefitsofcoordinationaredistributedunequally,when(thethreatof)opportunisticbehaviourpreventscoordinationorwhenbenefitsofcoordinationareuncertain,coordinationbeyondpricedoesnotarisespontaneouslyorinstantaneously,evenw

7、henbenefitsofcoordinationexceedcosts.Thereforethereisingeneralashortageofcoordinationbeyondprice.Morecoordinationbeyondpriceimprovesthequalityofthegovernanceofclusters.2.1TrustInclusterswheretheleveloftrustishigh,(average)transactioncostsarerelativelylow,becauseoflowcoststospecifyco

8、ntractsandlowmonito