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1、农业生产展望美国苜蓿产业发展及其对中国的启示1121刘玉凤王明利胡向东石自忠12（中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所北京100081；北京农学院经济管理学院北京102206）摘要：美国是世界苜蓿生产大国。美国苜蓿产业从最初的发展到如今的发达，乃至支撑了强大的畜牧业发展和节能减排，经历了一条漫长的道路，也积累了宝贵的经验。“三聚氰胺”事件后，美国苜蓿对中国奶牛业和牧草产业的影响越来越大。通过对美国苜蓿产业发展历史及现状的分析，总结其在种植、加工和进出口贸易方面积累的宝贵经验，发现中国需要从规模化水平提高、机械补
2、贴制度完善、苜蓿良种体系和苜蓿产品可追溯体系建设及与国际市场接轨等方面推进苜蓿产业不断发展。预期中国高端苜蓿草依赖美国的局面还将持续一段时期，但随着中国苜蓿产业在发展规模、整体素质、经营模式等方面的持续快速发展，最终还是主要依靠国内解决优质牧草短缺问题。关键词：美国；苜蓿；生产；规模化；质量检测；可追溯体系；经验；启示AlfalfaIndustryDevelopmentofAmericaandItsEnlightenmenttoChina1121LiuYufeng,WangMingli,HuXiangdong
3、,ShiZizhong1（InstituteofAgriculturalEconomicsandDevelopment,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing2100081;Economics&ManagementSchoolofBeijingUniversityofAgriculture,Beijing102206）Abstract：TheUnitedStatesisoneofthebiggestalfalfaproductioncountriesinthe
4、world.Fromtheinitialdevelopment,untilnowAmericanalfalfaindustrysupportsthepowerfulanimalhusbandryandmakesgreatcontributiontotheenergyconservationandemissionreduction,thealfalfaindustryhasexperiencedalonghistoryandaccumulatedvaluableexperience.Afterthe"melam
5、ine"incident,theinfluencesofalfalfaproductionoftheUnitedStatesonChina'sdairyindustryandforageindustryaremoreandmoreimportant.ThroughtheanalysisofthehistoryandcurrentsituationofalfalfaindustrydevelopmentoftheUnitedStates,thisarticlesummarizedistvaluableexper
6、ienceincludingplanting,processingandinternationaltrade,andfoundthatChinashouldconstantlyimprovealfalfaindustrydevelopmentbyimprovingthescalelevel,perfectingthemechanicalsubsidysystem,establishingalfalfavarietiessystemandalfalfaproductstraceabilitysystemaswe
7、llasintegratingwiththeworldmarket.ThisarticleexpectedthatChina'shigh-endalfalfamarketwouldstilldependontheUnitedStatesforanextendedperiod,butwiththepersistentandrapiddevelopmentofalfalfaindustryinscale,overallqualityandmanagementmodes,Chinawouldeventuallyre
8、lyondomesticalfalfaproductiontosolveproblemsofhigh-qualityalfalfashortage.Keywords：theUnitedStates;alfalfa;production;large-scale;qualitydetection;traceabilitysystem;ex-perience;enlightenment收稿日期：2014-
